مستری چراغ دین (۱۹۳۵۔۱۸۵۷) پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ مستری اردو اور فارسی زبان میں شاعری کرتے تھے۔ ۱۹۲۶ء میں آپ مکہ مکرمہ چلے گئے واپس آ کر ’’حج کا ساتھی‘‘ کے نام سے سفر نامہ مرتب کیا۔ خواجہ حسن نظامی نے اس سفر نامہ کو حلقہ مشائخ دہلی کے تحت مارچ ۱۹۲۸ء میں شائع کیا۔ بہت کوشش کے باوجود آپ کا شعری کلام دریافت نہیں ہو سکا۔ ایک شعر ملاحظہ ہو جو انہوں نے اپنے تعمیری مکان کے بیرونی دروازے کی ڈاٹ پر کنندہ کرایا تھا۔
مستری کو فکر تھا تاریخ کا کہ دیا ہاتف نے قصر دل پذیر (۳۱)
۳۱۔ ڈاکٹر سلطان محمود حسین،’’تاریخِ پسرور‘‘لاہور‘ سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز‘ ۱۹۸۱ء ‘ ص : ۲۷۱
Islam lays great emphasis on security and the sanctity of human life. The holy Quran terms killing of an innocent person as killing of the whole humanity. It prohibits unjust killing of human being in unequivocal terms. The holy Qur’an and Sunnah terms killing of an innocent person as one of the greatest sins. An eternal torment is the destiny of a killer who takes life of a person unjustly. However, it is also a bitter fact that hardly a crime free society could be found anywhere in the world. Peace prevails only in those societies where culprits are brought to justice. This is why Islamic penal code has prescribed punishments for all kinds of crimes. It has prescribed punishment of Qisâs in case of intentional murder and Diyat (blood money in case of killing of a person by mistake, it is also due in case if remission is made by the heirs in intentional murder case). To prove the crime of murder, testimony of two reliable witnesses or confession of the killer is required before the court. However, if a corpse is found in a place where killer is unknown and witnesses are unavailable, then Islam enjoins the process of Qasâmah to safeguard rights of the heirs of the deceased. Qasâmah is a process of taking oath by fifty persons selected by the heirs of the slain. In this article the concept of Qasâmah has been elaborated. It has three parts , in the first part conditions for the validity of Qasâmah has been elaborated, while in the second part its process has been discussed with elaborate opinions of jurists regarding taking of oath, as some of them opine that the heirs of the slain have to take oath, mentioning name of the killer, while others say oath will be taken by the defendants that they didn’t kill him, Both these opinions have been discussed by producing arguments of the both sides. While in the third part the issue of Qisâs and Diyat has been discussed as according to some jurists the Qasâmah entails Qisâs while other say that it entails Diyat only; arguments of both sides have been discussed in detail.
This study examines the meditational role of job satisfaction in the effects of servant leadership on employees’ loyalty and organizational performance at the universities of Peshawar. Empirical support for such relationship was provided through a sample of 308 faculty members from 17 universities of Peshawar. UsingBarbuto and Wheeler (2006), questionnaire of servant leadership, job satisfaction questionnaire Minnesota satisfaction survey (MSQ), Weiss et al. (1967), employees’ loyalty survey questionnaire (Pandey & Khare, 2012), organizational performance questionnaire (Katou & Budhwar, 2010) and a demographic survey, the data was collected through survey. Evidence supported the reliability and validity of instruments.The results indicate that there is an affirmative direct influence of servant leadership on organizational performance and employees’ loyalty, but this relation becomes stronger when it assesses the indirect influence through job satisfaction as a mediator. Path analysis was used and found significant positive correlation between servant leadership, employees’ loyalty, and organizational performance; job satisfaction is found to play a partial mediating role between them. Theoretically, it contributes to the verification of job satisfaction as intervening variable between servant leadership, employees’ loyalty and organizational performance. The findings provide a course of action and important implication to assist management in understanding servant leadership and job satisfaction better. Therefore, to enhance organizational performance and employees’ loyalty, the leader of the university ought not just adopt servant leadership behavior yet in addition think about the satisfaction of the faculty. Further research on other variables such as changing servant leadership and job satisfaction dimensions and replication of the study in other setting is also recommended for further studies.