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Us war on terror: its impact on Pakistan's security 2001-2007 /

Thesis Info

Author

Cheema, Faima Munawar

Supervisor

Noor Fatima

Department

Department of Social Sciences

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

103

Subject

Law

Language

English

Other

Available at Dr Hamidullah Library,Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Pakistan at MS 345.5491056 CHU

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676721458151

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ہندوستان میں اقبال شناسی کی روایت اور کلیاتِ مکاتیبِ اقبال کی تدوین و ترتیب

اقبال کی حب الوطنی کے چرچے ہندوستان میں ہر زبان پر ہیں۔ ہندوستانی فکر و نظر اور ہندوستانی تہذیب و تمدن کے فکرو فلسفہ کی ترویج کی جاتی ہے۔ اقبال کے استعاروں اور علامتوں کو ہندی اساطیرکی تشبیہ کہہ کر پیش کیا جاتاہے۔ اس حوالہ سے ہم یہ کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ اقبال ایک رجحان ساز شخصیت تھے۔عصر حاضر میں فکر اقبال کے مختلف پہلوؤں اور زاویوں کا کھوج لگا کر بھارت میں اقبال شناسی کی روایت کو پروان چڑھایا جارہا ہے۔ ہندوستان میں اقبال شناسی کی روایت کے تحت اقبال کے سوانحی پہلوؤں کے مختلف گوشوں پر روشنی ڈالی گئی ہے اوربہ طور خا ص اقبال کی وطن دوستی کو موضوع بنایا ہے۔جب کہ بہ طور شاعر اختلافی اور مخالفانہ تنقید کی گئی۔ اشتراکیت پسندی کا پہلو اجاگر کیا گیا۔ اس طرح اقبال شناسی پروان چڑھی۔ اقبالیات کا موضوع و سعت اختیار کر گیا۔ تعلیمی اداروں میں باقاعدہ مضمون کی شکل میں اقبالیات پڑھا یا جانے لگا۔ پاکستان اور ہندوستان میں دیکھتے ہی دیکھتے اس موضوع میں تحقیق،تدوین اور ترتیب کی اصطلاحات کا معیار بھی جانچا جانے لگا۔
ان حالات میں اقبالیات اور اقبال شناسی کے مثبت اور منفی رویے بھی سامنے آگئے۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد کچھ لوگوں نے اقبال کو صرف شاعری تک محدود کر دیا اور کچھ نے صرف پاکستان کا شاعر کہہ دیا۔ بھارت میں جب اسلامی ریاست کے لیے کوشش کی گئی تو اس دور میں اسلامی مملکت کے لیے سیاسی جدوجہد بھی کی گئی۔ مسلمانوں کے لیے یہ تحریک آزادی تھی مگر ہندوستان کے لوگ اس تحریک کو قومیت کے تناظر میں دیکھتے تھے۔ اس طرح بھارتی قوم پرستوں کی جانب سے اقبال کو شدید مخالفت کا سامنا کرنا پڑا۔ اس مخالفت میں مسلمان بھی شامل تھے۔ بھارتی قومیت پرست اپنے خیال میں اقبال کو متعصب سیاست دان سمجھتے تھے...

آخرت سے متعلق ”ترجمان القرآن“ کے کلامی مباحث کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

In this universe, if we look at the arrival of a human being, it will open up to us the secret that man did not come in this world suddenly, but he had gone through several worlds before stepping into this universe. The First World is called spiritual world where his soul was present and the argument is that when the soul enters the body of the baby and he starts to move in the womb of the mother, so the question now arises where was that soul before it entered the baby’s body? And where did that soul come from? Where it was and wherever it came from, the name of that universe is Spiritual world. After the spiritual world, there is a second world in the womb of the mother. In this world a man must live for at least nine months. Stop for a minute to see this amazing system of power that a baby remains alive in a moving grave for at least nine months. The object is to say that if a human being has to go through two worlds before coming into the universe, so if a fourth world is accepted after this world, what is the rational prohibition behind it? The life in the fourth world is called the life of Hereafter. If there is any disagreement with this name then let’s another name, but a fourth world still have to believe, because when the soul comes out of body after death, the same question will arise here that where did the soul go? In this article, it is examined that how author of “Tarjuman al-Qur’an” Abul Kalam Azad has proved the reality of life of Hereafter and what kind of arguments have given as an evidence in this tafsir?

Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Fused Pyridine Ring

The present work deals with the synthesis of pyridine fused heterocyclic compounds, three condensed pyridine systems were selected for this project; Benzo[b]pyridine (Quinoline) (a), Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (b) and Pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine (c).Various strategies were utilized for introducing an ester functionality on the 4 position of (a) and (b) by utilizing Doebner-vonMiller reaction or additionally the use of Pfitzinger’s synthesis of quinolines. For (c) the ester group was introduced at the 3 position by applying a Knoevenagal condensation of ethyl acetoacetate and 2-hydoxypyridine-3- carbaldehyde. These ester groups in (a), (b) and (c) were converted to their respective carbohydrazides which were condensed with a number of arylcarbaldehydes to furnish their hydrazones. The final cyclization to the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were effected by using various methods. POCl3 was very useful for this purpose. The products of the systems (a). (b) and (c) were thus synthesized and fully characterized by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS and elemental (C,H andN) analyses.The results obtained confirmed the formation of the desired products. The final products were screened for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. viii Some azabicyclic compounds (I, II, III) were also prepared through ring closure metathesis by using Grubbs catalyst (Second Generation). These compounds were prepared through a multisetp strategy involving alkylation, RCM, decarboxylation, hydrolysis, Curtius reaction and finally cyclization to get the desired bicyclic compounds.These were characterized through 1HNMR, DEPT and HRMS.