مشتاق احمد انبیٹھوی
اس موقع پرہمیں اپنی جماعت کے ایک اوربزرگ عالم مولانا مشتاق احمد صاحب انبیٹھویکی وفات حسرت آیات کابھی ماتم کرناہے، مولانا مرحوم ایک درویش گوشہ نشین اورعالم خلوت پسند تھے۔ انبیٹھ ضلع سہارنپور وطن تھا۔ وہاں کے مشہور خاندان شیوخ سے تعلق رکھتے تھے۔ درس نظامی کی تعلیم دہلی اور سہارنپور میں پائی تھی۔ آخر میں حدیث کادرس مولانا احمد علی صاحب محدث سہارنپوری سے لیا۔مطالعۂ کتب اور تصنیف وتالیف کاخاصا ذوق تھا۔ خود اپنا بڑا کتب خانہ رکھتے تھے۔مرحوم کی تصنیفات کی تعداد اکیاسی (۸۱)ہے۔اس فہرست میں ان کی مطبوعہ اورغیر مطبوعہ سب کتابیں اوررسالے شامل ہیں۔یہ تصنیفات اکثروبیشتر مذہبی مسائل،تاریخ و تذکرہ اورتصوف ومعرفت سے متعلق ہیں اورعربی، فارسی اور اردو تینوں زبانوں میں ہیں۔علم ظاہر کے ساتھ صاحب باطن اور صاحب سلوک و طریقت بھی تھے۔ معاشی اعتبار سے مرفہ الحال ہونے کے باوجود ورع واحتیاط ان کی زندگی کا طغراء امتیاز تھا۔کیسے ہی سخت بیمار ہوں جب تک انگریزی دواکے متعلق ان کو الکحل سے بالکل پاک وصاف ہونے کا یقین نہیں ہوتاتھا نہیں پیتے تھے۔پبلک زندگی سے ان کونفرت تھی۔ ایک گوشۂ تنہائی میں بیٹھے ہوئے تصنیف وتالیف،مطالعۂ کتب، ارشاد و ہدایت باطنی اور افتاء کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہتے تھے۔آج کل پرانی وضع قطع کے پابند جو بزرگ نظرآتے ہیں ان کو غنیمت جانناچاہیے۔کچھ عرصے بعدآنکھیں اس وضع کو دیکھنے کے لیے ترسا ہی کریں گی۔ افسوس کہ آں مرحوم نے ۱۴/فروری ۱۹۴۲ء کو شام کے چاربجے ۹۴ سال کی عمر میں وفات پائی۔حق تعالیٰ مرحوم کوغریق بحرِ رحمت کرے اور مراتب اخروی بڑھائے۔آمین [اپریل۱۹۴۲ء]
The life of Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) is described as role model in Holy Quran for all the Muslims and known as Uswa.e. Hasna. So, the importance of the life history of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in every period before prophet hood and as a prophet cannot be denied in any walk of life. But the makki period of the Prophet’s life has not enlightened in such a way as it has importance. Many aspects of makki period has been discussed in history and seerah writing but along with this a lot of aspects has been not given due importance in contemporary seerah writing. The basic sources of hadith o seerah provides lots of material on this aspect. In the makki period, Muslims were in minority and they had to face a lot of religious, social, economic and political issues in their lives. Now a days, in modern world majority of Muslims lives in western and non. Muslim societies and have to spend their lives as minority in that socities. In a state of minority, they have to face a lot of religious, social and economical issues in their lives. These problems can be solved in the light of seerah especially from the teachings of makki period, it can provide a lot of religious solutions in contemporary societies in a better way. This article will throw light on teachings of makki period and discuss the solutions of Muslim’s problems as minority in the light of fiqh. Ul. Seerah.
The present study was designed to synthesize some innovative multifunctional polymeric excipients for improved efficacy and site-specific delivery of antiLeishmanial drugs. Therefore, mannose anchored thiolated chitosan-graftedpolyethyleneimine (M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA) polymeric excipient was synthesized and utilized for the development of first-line Meglumine Antimoniate (MA) antiLeishmanial drug nanoformulation to address the cellular bioavailability limitations. On the other hands, mannose anchored thiolated chitosan (M-CS-TGA) polymeric excipient was manufactured for the production of second-line Amphotericin B (AmB) anti-Leishmanial drug nanoformulation to reduce off-target adverse events by specific pathological organs reservoirs delivery. The newly synthesized M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA polymeric excipient graft was evaluated for Trypanothione Reductase (TR) enzyme inhibition as a potential target. The observed hydrodynamic size of M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA based MA nanoformulation and M-CS-TGA based AmB nanoformulation was found to be 287 ± 20 and 482 ± 17 respectively, with positive zeta-potential and low PDI. M- (CS-g-PEI)-TGA based MA nanoformulation showed the maximum macrophage internalization uptake of 61.47 ± 0.25 µg/106 cells. The flow cytometry analysis against Leishmania donovani infected macrophage model demonstrated 7.9- and 23-folds enhanced efficacy of M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA based MA nanoformulation and M-CS-TGA based AmB nanoformulation as compared to MA and AmB, respectively. The results of in-vivo BALB/c mice visceral Leishmaniasis model for M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA based MA nanoformulation displayed 5.22-fold decreased parasitic burden (p < 0.0001) compared to that of MA. For maximum selective targeting of the pathological organ while minimizing exposure to the organs prone to toxic effects, in vivo tissue distribution study, was conducted. M-CS-TGA based AmB nanoformulation showed a higher concentration of AmB (101 mg) in the liver as compared to the native AmB drug (43 mg). But in the case of the kidney, the M-CS-TGA based AmB nanoformulation revealed less concentration of AmB with respect to native AmB drug. Inorder to establish the safety profile of the AmB nanoformulation, the acute oral toxicity in female Swiss mice did not show any evident change in cellular morphology supporting the safety of M-CS-TGA due to renal clearance. The oral pharmacokinetic studies showed that M-(CS-g-PEI)-TGA based nanoformulation and M-CS-TGA based nanoformulation significantly enhanced bioavailability of MA and AmB respectively. The observed enhanced pharmacokinetic profile might be due to permeation enhancing potential of synthesized polymeric excipients. Based on these findings, incorporation of new multifunctional polymeric excipients for the development of macro phage targeted nano formulation seems to be a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy and safety of the anti-Leishmanial drug.