پاکستان سے محبت
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کی دعوت دی گئی ہے وہ ہے:’’پاکستان سے محبت ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
محبت ایک ایسا لفظ ہے جس کے معانی کی خوشبو سے گردونواح کی فضاء معطر ہو جاتی ہے، جس کی بارش کے قطرے نفرت، حسد، بغض کی دھول کو ختم کر کے نکھار پیدا کر دیتے ہیں، جس سے معاشرے میں موجود عداوت ، عصبیت ، اقرباء پروری کے کھلیانوں میں موجود غلاظت کے ڈھیروں سے اُٹھنے والی سرانڈ کاو جود ختم ہو جاتا ہے ،محبت کی آبیاری سے نشوونما پانے والے گلستان جنت کا نمونہ پیش کرنا شروع کر دیتے ہیں اور ہر سو سبزہ ہی سبزہ نظر آتا ہے جو ایک نیک شگون تصور کیا جا تا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
میں پاکستان سے محبت کیوں نہ کروں!یہ تو میرے آباؤ اجداد کی کاوش ہے، میں اس کے گلی کوچوں کو حرز جاں کیوں نہ بناؤں یہ تو میرے اسلاف نے اپنی جانوں کا نذرانہ پیش کر کے حاصل کیا ہے، مجھے اس کی فضاؤں سے، مجھے اس کی ہواؤں سے، مجھے اس کے گلستانوں سے، مجھے اس کے بیابا نوں سے، مجھے اس کے کھیتوں کھلیانوں سے، الغرض مجھے اس کے ذرے ذرے سے پیار ہے۔
معزز سامعین!
پاکستان میراوطن ہے، پاکستان میر ا دیں ہے، پاکستان میرا گھر ہے، پاکستان کی مٹی مجھے جان سے بھی زیادہ عزیز ہے، ایسا کیوں نہ ہو، میں مسلمان ہوں میرا ایمان ہے کہ وطن کی محبت ایمان سے ہے۔ وطن سے محبت کر کے، پاکستان سے محبت کر کے جہاں میں بحثیت انسان اپنا فرض ادا کر رہا ہوں وہاں اپنادینی فریضہ بھی پورا کر...
The Proper approach to the Quran can be described in three stages: first, receive the message of the Quran by hearing or reading it Second: understanding the message of the Quran by reflecting upon it and studying its meaning third: apply the message of the Quran by ordering your personal life as well as the life of Society according to its message. The branch of Knowledge called "Ulum al Quran" my be used as a means for the accomplishment of the second stage, understanding the message of the Quran by understanding its setting and circumstances, Muslims have from earliest times, applied themselves not only to the message from Allah. The Quran, but also to its setting and framework, and the preoccupation with these ultimately developed into the "Knowledge" about the Quran. In this paper, there are a number of matters related to the study of the Quran to which / have drawn special attention, and also highlighted
Chlorpyrifos an insecticide, is extensively used in Pakistan and contaminating the soil and water environments at several sites. Exploration of efficient chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria to clean-up this toxicant is of immense importance. This study reports the isolation, screening and identification of highly efficient chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial strains from different soils and water samples collected from different sites of Pakistan. Out of total 50 isolated bacterial strains, 32 were tested for their biodegradation capability in a culture medium containing chlorpyrifos as carbon and energy source. The bacterial isolates showed a great variation (25-92%) in their ability to degrade chlorpyrifos in broth condition. Out of these 32 strains, four bacterial strains (SWLC2, SWLH2, SGB2 and SWLC1) were the most promising in their growth and biodegradation activity and were identified and characterized by biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analyses. Three strains (SGB2, SWLC1 and SWLC2) showed the greatest similarity to the members of Enterobacteriacea and one strain (SWLH2) to Rhizobiacea families. These selected strains (Enterobacter sp. SWLC1, Enterobacter sp. SGB2, Agrobacterium sp. SWLH2 and Enterobacter sp. SWLC2) exhibited biodegradation potential between 81 to 92% of the spiked amount of chlorpyrifos (100 mg l -1 ) within 18 days of incubation in broth culture. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos continued gradually throughout the incubation period (18 days) as examined by the HPLC - UV system. Abiotic degradation contributed only up to 15% of the spiked amount. Maximum biodegradation by the four efficient bacterial strains was observed at an initial pH of 7 and an incubation temperature of 30 o C, under shaking conditions. Among these four strains, Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 was found most efficient in biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and was selected for further studies. This strain was then optimized in broth as well as in soil slurry under different conditions. Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 showed maximum biodegradation of chlorpyrifos at pH 7, 30 o C, under shaking conditions with inoculum size of 800 μl. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 varied in different textured soils, being more rapid in course textured soils than in fine textured soil. Among these soils, loamy soil was selected for further studies in soil slurry experiments due to its medium textured nature as soils of Punjab are mostly loamy in texture. An initial inoculum size of 800 μl (OD= 0.80), incubation temperature of 30 o C, under shaking, initial pH 7 of soil slurry of loam soil were found optimal conditions for maximum biodegradation of chlorpyrifos byEnterobacter sp. SWLC2. Exogenous application of sugars, yeast extract, manitol, organic acids and amino acids had stimulator or inhibitory effects on biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter sp. SWLC2. Among these, glucose, yeast extract, succinic acid and citric acid had stimulatory effects on biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 was also checked at different initial concentrations of chlorpyrifos from 10-250 mg l -1 . Rate of biodegradation increased with increase in concentration of chlorpyrifos from 100-150 mg l -1 and suggested first order rate kinetics. In all experiments, utilization of chlorpyrifos by the strains was accompanied by a parallel increase in optical densities of broth implying that removal of this pesticide from the growth medium was a growth linked biodegradation. These results highlighted the potential of this bacterium to be used in the detoxification strategies of chlorpyrifos contaminated water and soil environments.