The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Fertility Preservation among Oncologist-A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundFertility Preservation is the process of saving or protecting a person’s ability to have children in the future. It is often considered for individuals to undergo medical treatments that may impact their fertility, such as chemotherapy. Hence, the current study is aimed to assess clinical practitioners’ knowledge, practice, and attitude toward fertility preservation among oncologists. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out to identify the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding fertility preservation among oncologists—a total of seventy-nine oncologists in Karachi working in different public and private sectors. The study was conducted between January to August 2022. The data was gathered using a self-designed questionnaire that was distributed via email. ResultsOne hundred and eighty oncologists were provided with the survey form via email. The response rate was 47.22% (n=85). Out of which, six questionnaires were excluded due to incomplete information. The total questionnaire analyzed was n=79, which included 58 (73.41%) males and 21 (16.59%) females. ConclusionThe results revealed that oncologists had a compromised knowledge regarding fertility preservation for cancer patients. Despite weak knowledge, most oncologists believe that more elaborative measures should be taken to overcome this issue.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/004

Investigating Teaching Techniques, Assessment of Reading and Reading Attitude of Selected Higher Secondary School Learners in Pakistan

English, being an international lingua franca, has been given a great importance in Pakistan at local and national level. It has been taught as a secondary language in the form of compulsory subject in most of the institutions right from class one. Effective teaching learning of English reading mostly depends upon learners’ reading attitude, teaching techniques related to reading and reading assessment practices. The basic objective of the study was to explore the perceptions of teachers and students towards teaching techniques, assessment practices and learners’ reading attitude. Furthermore, the study aims to measure the effect of learners’ reading attitude, teaching techniques and assessment practices related to reading on learners’ performance in English subject at higher secondary school level in Pakistan. The students and teachers of higher secondary schools (Class-XI & XII) represented as the population. However, the target population was delimited to Hyderabad. The random stratified sampling technique was used for the selection of twenty six teachers and five hundred thirty students as a sample from target population. The survey method, including questionnaire, interview and observation checklist tools, was used for data collection. It was found that learners’ reading attitude, reading assessment practices and teaching techniques related to English reading were very strongly correlated to learners’ performance in English subject. Any improvement in teaching techniques, assessment practices and learners’ reading attitude towards the English as subject leads to enhance the performance of students in English subject. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the perception of students and teachers regarding learners’ reading attitude, reading assessment practices and teaching techniques for reading skills. However, the teachers and students showed their dissatisfaction with learners’ reading attitude, reading assessment practices and teaching techniques related to reading. The teachers of higher secondary schools were incapable to use latest teaching techniques and assessment strategies. They rarely used modern audio visual aids like multi-media, computers and projectors in the classroom teaching and assessment. They used only old, ineffective and conventional teaching techniques and assessment strategies in their teaching learning of English reading. They were not capable to develop or use technology based tests for assessment of reading. Besides, they focused less on development of reading skills but merely tried to complete the course so that students may pass the examination. Teachers’ only aim was to help students get through the annual examination. As a result, the students paid more attention on examination and less attention on reading skill. It was recommended that reading skills ought to be treated as integral part of the subject while evaluating learners’ skills of English as subject; it should be assessed and marked under a separate section within the exam paper. The teachers should be given proper training time to time to enable them to use latest teaching techniques and assessment strategies. Rather than to complete the course from examination point of view, the teachers should focus on development of reading skills. Latest audio visual aids including multi-media, projectors and computers should be used in teaching and assessing reading proficiency. A well developed reading assessment system equipped with modern technology should be established and reading progress chart of every student should be maintained accordingly for the attraction of students towards reading. In order to cultivate reading habit, the motivation of learners should be kept at the top priority. The teachers should observe, point out and get the reading problems of students solved. They should support and encourage the struggling students in this regard.