۔ہمزہ استفہامیہ
حضرت ِ یوسف کے بھائی جب یوسف کے پاس گئے اوربھائیوں نے جب عزیز مصر کی زبان سے اس یوسف علیہ السلام کا تذکرہ سنا، جسے انہوں نے بچپن میں کنعان کے ایک تاریک کنویں میں پھینک دیا تھا، تو وہ حیران بھی ہوئے اور غور سے دیکھنے پر مجبور بھی کہ کہیں ہم سے ہم کلام بادشاہ، یوسف علیہ السلام ہی تو نہیں؟ ورنہ یوسف علیہ السلام کے قصے کا اسے کس طرح علم ہو سکتا ہے؟ چنانچہ انہوں نے سوال کیا کہ کیا تو یوسف علیہ السلام ہی تو نہیں؟ارشادِ ربانی ہے:
۱-"ءَاِنَّكَ لَاَنْتَ يُوْسُفُ قَالَ اَنَا يُوْسُفُ وَهٰذَآ اَخِيْ ، قَدْ مَنَّ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْنَا اِنَّه مَنْ يَّتَّقِ وَيَصْبِرْ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا يُضِيْعُ اَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِيْنَ"۔ [[1]]
"کیا تو ہی یوسف ہے کہا میں ہی یوسف ہوں اور یہ میرا بھائی ہے اللہ نے ہم پر احسان کیا بے شک جو ڈرتا ہے اور صبر کرتا ہے تو اللہ بھی نیکوں کا اجر ضائع نہیں کرتا۔"
دوسرے مقام پر اللہ نے ارشاد فرمایا:
۲-"ءَاَنْتُمْ اَنْشَاْتُمْ شَجَرَتَهَآ اَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْشِٔوْنَ "۔ [[2]]
"کیا تم نے اس کا درخت پیدا کیا ہے یا ہم پیدا کرنے والے ہیں"۔
کہا جاتا ہے کہ عرب میں دو درخت مرخ اور عفار ہیں اگران دونوں سے ٹہنیاں لے کر ان کو آپس میں رگڑا جائے تو اس سے آگ کے شرارے نکلتے ہیں ۔انہی سے متعلق اللہ نے استفہامیہ انداز میں فرمایا: کیا تم نے اس کا درخت پیدا کیا ہے یا ہم پیدا کرنے والے ہیں۔
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The aim of this research paper is to identify the extent of advertency the Prophet (peace be on him) made to consider individual differences in educating the companions the teachings of Islam; inAvesting their potentials in serving the invitation unto Allah and spreading Islam on earth. This paper also aims to set apart Islamic perspective of individual differences from that of non-Islamic in terms of treatment and acknowledgement. A significant contribution of this paper is to illustrate the prophetical attention given to individual differences in crises management and utilizing it in rectifying modern Islamic path.
A Comparative Study of Academic Achievement and Cognitive Development of Students of Public and Private Sector Educational Institutions of Islamabad
Education is the fundamental responsibility of the state, but in order to achieve the objectives of
Universalization of Primary Education (UPE) and Education for All (EFA) along with the objectives of access
and equity, government has allowed private sector to share the responsibility of the state. Presence of two
sectors has created discrepancy in educational quality, which is significant to be explored, as, such differences
may open doors for divide and inequalities in the society.
The objectives of the present study were to explore and compare academic achievement and cognitive
development of students of public and private sectors at primary level. Data were collected from 500 students
of grade V at the end of academic year from 10 public and 10 private sector educational institutions of
Islamabad city. Two research instruments were developed for data collection. For data analysis mean scores
were calculated, and t-test was applied to seek comparison in both sectors.
Findings showed that overall academic achievement of public sector students was better, their performance
remained better in the subject of Mathematics whereas, there was no significant difference in academic
achievement students of both sectors in the subjects of English and Urdu. There was no significant difference
between the cognitive developments of students of both sectors. It was further revealed that female students
outperformed their male counterparts in all subjects and in cognitive development.
Findings of the present study remained inconsistent with most of the previous studies, therefore the
researcher recommended, that all public sector educational institutions should be provided similar
educational facilities and teaching faculty as that in the Islamabad Model Colleges so that all public sector
institutions could perform well. Research work is needed to find out reasons of low performance of male
students, so that efforts could be planned to improve performance of male students in coming future.