METODE PARTISIPATIF, CERAMAH, DAN DISKUSI PADA AL QURAN SURAT AS-SHAFFAT AYAT 102

This research is motivated by a phenomenon of poor communication between parents and children. In the world of education, there was a lack of approaches and methods used by educators in providing subject matter so that what was delivered by the educator did not achieve the expected goals. The problem in this research is how the participatory methods, lectures and discussions contained in the As-Shaffat letter verse 102. The purpose is to describe the educational methods contained in the As-Shaffat letter verse 102 in the form of participatory methods, lecture methods and discussion methods. This research is a Library Research. The method of interpretation used in this study is the method of interpretation of maudhu 'or thematic methods which interpret verses of the Qur'an based on specific themes. The method used in the explanation of the verse is the method of tahlili or analysis that explains the verses of the Qur'an by examining its aspects and revealing its whole purpose. The results of study and analysis, as well as data processing from various sources, obtained the first result that the educational method contained in the As-Shaffat verse 102 is a participatory method used by educators, which involves all elements in the educational process especially students, with active participation from participants students will facilitate educators in delivering the material to be given. Both lecture methods, in conveying information, especially learning materials can be done with the lecture method. An educator prioritizes good attitudes so that the material can be accepted by students. The third method of discussion is to involve students in giving their opinions. With the discussion in learning, the lessons will become warmer and will train students to be more courageous in opinion.

Corporate Governance and Financial Performance a Comparative Study of Developing and Developed Markets

This study has been conducted to compare the impact of corporate governance on various areas of performance between the USA (developed economy) and Pakistan (developing economy). Areas tested in this study are the dividend policy, capital structure, internal and external performance, and multifactor model of publicly traded companies in Pakistan. A specially constructed CG Scorecard and individual corporate governance factors have been used as the measures of corporate governance for the Pakistani perspective and the corporate governance index has been used for the analysis in USA. The Corporate Governance Scorecard has been developed on the basis of a literature review and by a survey of CEO’s, COO’s, and company secretaries of various listed companies in Pakistan. Dividend policy is measured by using the payout ratio and Lintner’s (1956) Model. A total of 120 listed companies in Pakistan and 1,035 listed companies in the USA have been investigated to analyze the relationship for the period 2002 to 2007. This study also analyzes separate proxies of corporate governance. In Pakistan the study found positive relationships between managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and CEO duality with dividend payout. We also found a positive relationship between the Corporate Governance Score and dividend payout. The same relationship has been found in the USA. Using Lintner’s Model, the study also found that companies with good governance have higher payout ratios. Descriptive statistics, the correlation matrix, and common effect models have been applied to test the panel data. For capital structure, the study found a negative relationship between leverage and CGI in Pakistan. Managerial ownership has been found positively associated with gearing ratio in both cases. It has also been found that the presence of CEO duality leads to more debt in capital structures. This may be due to the transitional phase through which the Pakistani companies passed after the promulgation of codes of corporate governance in 2002, but in the USA the study found positive relationships between leverage and corporate governance. Internal and external performance were measured in both of the countries by taking ROE and ROA as internal performance measures and Tobin’s Q and Marris (Market to book value of equity) as external performance measures. Common Effect, Fixed Effect, Random Effect, and Fuller and Parks Effect have been used to test the panel data in this regard. In both the case of Pakistan and the USA, the study found a positive relationship between the Corporate Governance Score and the performance measures. The study also tested the Fama and French (1973) three factor model, the Carhart (1997) four factor model, and the CGI contained fifth factor model for the sample companies in Pakistan. The study found significant effects for all variables on stock returns.