داغ ایسے کہ جو دھلتے ہی نہیں پانی سے
آج برسی ہے مری آنکھ پریشانی سے
مضطرب رہنا زمانے میں اسے بھاتا ہے
یعنی درویش بہت خوش ہیں نمک دانی سے
کیوں سکردو میں بھی آتا ہے پسینہ اتنا
کیوں علاقے ہمیں لگتے نہیں برفانی سے
اب بھی ہر پیڑ تحیر میں اسے کھوجتا ہے
اس نے اک پھول چھوا تھا کبھی حیرانی سے
Introduction: Student satisfaction, academic performance, and learning effectiveness have all been related to the educational environmental perceptions in medical institutes. Students' opinions of their educational environment might help medical schools discover impediments and opportunities to improve student learning. Objective: To evaluate student perception related to current traditional and integrated learning methodologies in the Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan. Methods: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was provided to students of Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan after approval from the institute. One hundred and sixty-one students out of 190 returned the questionnaire. The data was analyzed with SPSS 27.0. All questions were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The mean age of the students was 21.34±1.73 years. There were 89 (55.34%) males and 72 (42.66%) female students. The mean DREEM score among the students was 116.15±3.73. The highest score among the students was 153 and the lowest score was 42. The scores were higher among males than females. Conclusion: The students were more positive and self-assured. Students had a more positive attitude toward teachers, the learning environment, and the atmosphere. However, they were lacking in social perceptionrequiring attention. KEYWORDS: Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure, educational environment, medical institutes, perception
Primarily this thesis aims to study the inter-temporal trends of agriculture land inequality in Pakistan which is one of the determinants of poverty. The access to land use a concept related to efficiency of operations on land (operational inequality) in Pakistan has declined over time and ownership inequality (distribution of land amongst owners) a concept which is relevant to equitable distribution has initially improved and then became stagnated. I have comprehended the process of agriculture transition in Pakistan and the data suggest that Pakistan's agricultural has been shifted to owners' self-cultivation either owners are cultivating lands themselves or using wage labors. Based on district level data in Pakistan, I have constructed a novel empirical model of multidimensional poverty, inequality, and development which is my modest contribution. Multidimensional poverty, land inequality (land ownership inequality) and food consumption inequalities are positively related and development and literacy have negative relationship with multidimensional poverty at district level. The consistent inequality in agriculture sector is failure of public policy in Pakistan. The policy of taxation and subsidies are somehow inducing land inequalities in the agriculture sector. I have studied the historical change in land revenue institutions in Pakistan and developed a simple model for computation of potential of agriculture income tax in Pakistan. Based on the results there is an encouraging potential of implementing agriculture income tax in Pakistan