Novel Bioactive Compound Production by Microbial Biota: Potential Antimicrobials Potential antimicrobials produced by microbial biota

Man is always trying to make his life easier and accomplished. He has faced mass destruction in history due to epidemics like small pox, malaria and plague. In order to combat diseases, exploration of man led him to search for causative agents and their control. A time reached when it was found that microbes are themselves a source of potent metabolites which have proved to be effective as drugs and medicines showing great antibiotic activity. It is necessary to find out new sources for potential new antimicrobial compounds. Several hundred important compounds have been isolated which have antibiotic activities and diverse chemical nature. But these compounds should have minimum toxicity to be useful clinically. Because of the increasing resistance of pathogens, there was a never ending desire and need to search for more. Bioactive Compounds have been extracted from microbes which are produced as secondary metabolites. Day by day, new compounds are being discovered giving a hope of golden future of drug industry. The current article emphasizes the importance and need to search for new bioactive compoundsto overcome infections caused by multiple drug resistant (MDR) and biofilm forming pathogens irrespective of the previously present knowledge. 

Inheritance Pattern of Drought Tolerance Attributes in Cotton Gossypium Hirsutum L.

Experiments were conducted during the crop season 2005-06 to evaluate cotton germplasm under irrigated and drought regimes. The germplasm was evaluated for different physiological and morphological traits. The accessions showing higher cotton yield were used as a criterion for selection of drought tolerant and susceptible parents. Three susceptible and three tolerant parents were planted during cotton growing season and crossed on flowering stage. The hybrids were evaluated at seedling and mature plant stage during the crop season 2006-07 under irrigated and drought regimes. All traits under study were subjected to analyses of variance. Traits showing significant genotypic variation were analyzed following simple additive dominance model to estimate heritability and inheritance pattern. The objective of study is to explore genes having potential for high yield and fiber quality under drought environments in genetic material available by crossing the genotypes in diallel fashion that may be used in future breeding program. Gene action and combining ability were studied by analyzing diallel cross data between six cotton varieties viz., FH-113, PB-899, MNH-789, (drought tolerant), and CIM-506, FH-901, CRIS-466, (drought susceptible). A considerable reduction in almost all parameters was shown under stress conditions. Diallel analysis showed that characters like monopodial branches, sympodial branches and staple strength showed additive genetic effects and traits like plant height, number of bolls, boll weight, yield., staple length, staple fineness, GOT, seed index, lint index, relative water content, leaf temperature and relative cell injury showed additive and dominant genetic effects under normal conditions and water stress conditions, traits like staple strength and relative cell injury showed additive genetic effects and traits like plant height, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, number of bolls, boll weight, yield, staple length, staple fineness, GOT, seed index, lint index, relative water content, leaf temperature showed additive and dominant (non-additive) genetic effects. PB-899 proved the best general combiner for traits like plant height and staple length, FH-113 proved the best general combiner for traits like monopodial branches, sympodial branches, number of bolls, yield , seed index, relative water content, leaf temperature and relative cell injury, MNH-789 proved the best general combiner for traits like boll weight, GOT and CIM-506 proved the best general combiner for staple fineness, staple strength and lint index under normal and water stress conditions. Heritability estimates for yield and yield related traits and most of traits were high under normal and water stress conditions and had maximum ability to transfer genes to the next generation. So, selection of desirable parents and gene combinations for high yield on the basis of these traits under both conditions will be effective for future breeding programs. Breeders may utilize good general combiners in breeding programs for improvements of cotton traits. It is recommended that breeders should breed for superior combining ability aimed at improving overall GCA for yield and fiber quality. xviAbstract Experiments were conducted during the crop season 2005-06 to evaluate cotton germplasm under irrigated and drought regimes. The germplasm was evaluated for different physiological and morphological traits. The accessions showing higher cotton yield were used as a criterion for selection of drought tolerant and susceptible parents. Three susceptible and three tolerant parents were planted during cotton growing season and crossed on flowering stage. The hybrids were evaluated at seedling and mature plant stage during the crop season 2006-07 under irrigated and drought regimes. All traits under study were subjected to analyses of variance. Traits showing significant genotypic variation were analyzed following simple additive dominance model to estimate heritability and inheritance pattern. The objective of study is to explore genes having potential for high yield and fiber quality under drought environments in genetic material available by crossing the genotypes in diallel fashion that may be used in future breeding program. Gene action and combining ability were studied by analyzing diallel cross data between six cotton varieties viz., FH-113, PB-899, MNH-789, (drought tolerant), and CIM-506, FH-901, CRIS-466, (drought susceptible). A considerable reduction in almost all parameters was shown under stress conditions. Diallel analysis showed that characters like monopodial branches, sympodial branches and staple strength showed additive genetic effects and traits like plant height, number of bolls, boll weight, yield., staple length, staple fineness, GOT, seed index, lint index, relative water content, leaf temperature and relative cell injury showed additive and dominant genetic effects under normal conditions and water stress conditions, traits like staple strength and relative cell injury showed additive genetic effects and traits like plant height, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, number of bolls, boll weight, yield, staple length, staple fineness, GOT, seed index, lint index, relative water content, leaf temperature showed additive and dominant (non-additive) genetic effects. PB-899 proved the best general combiner for traits like plant height and staple length, FH-113 proved the best general combiner for traits like monopodial branches, sympodial branches, number of bolls, yield , seed index, relative water content, leaf temperature and relative cell injury, MNH-789 proved the best general combiner for traits like boll weight, GOT and CIM-506 proved the best general combiner for staple fineness, staple strength and lint index under normal and water stress conditions. Heritability estimates for yield and yield related traits and most of traits were high under normal and water stress conditions and had maximum ability to transfer genes to the next generation. So, selection of desirable parents and gene combinations for high yield on the basis of these traits under both conditions will be effective for future breeding programs. Breeders may utilize good general combiners in breeding programs for improvements of cotton traits. It is recommended that breeders should breed for superior combining ability aimed at improving overall GCA for yield and fiber quality.