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Home > Political leadership military interventions and democratiazation in Turkey and Pakistan a comparative analysis

Political leadership military interventions and democratiazation in Turkey and Pakistan a comparative analysis

Thesis Info

Author

Irsa Shafiq

Supervisor

Husnul Amin

Department

Department of Politics and International Relations

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

188

Subject

Politics and International Relations

Language

English

Other

MS 327 IRP

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721627599

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پاکستان میری جنّت

پاکستان میری جنت
جنت کے معنی باغ بھی ہیں ، بہشت کے لیے بھی جنت کا لفظ بولا جاتا ہے۔ جنت کا تصور جب ذہن کے در یچوں پر دستک دیتا ہے تو قلب و اذہان میں اس صحت افزا تخیل کے باعث نئے نئے شگوفے کھلنے شروع ہو جاتے ہیں۔ اور اس وقت جسم و جان میں پیدا ہونے والی تازگی و طراوت روح تک سرایت کر جاتی ہے۔ جس کو جس سے جتنا عشق ہوگا وہ اس کو اپنی جنت اور اپنی بہشت قرار دے گا۔ کسی کی جنت اس کا گھر ہوگا ،کسی کی جنت اس کا در ہوگا،کسی کی جنت اولا د ہو گی ،کسی کی جنت امّ اولا د ہوگی، کسی کی جنت اس کا مکان ہوگا ،کسی کی جنت اس کا سلطان ہوگا۔ سب کی جنت ان کے اپنے اپنے ذوق کے مطابق ہے لیکن میری جنت میرا پاکستان ہے کیونکہ یہ ہے تو سب جنتیں ہیں۔ اگر یہ نہیں ہے تو پھر جنت بھی جہنم کا عذاب ہے کیونکہ اسی کے دم قدم سے حقیقی جنت کی بہاریں ہیں۔
ہمت ہے تو پیدا کر فردوس بریں اپنا
مانگی ہوئی جنت سے دوزخ کا عذاب اچھا
وطن اس مقدس سرزمین کا نام ہے جس کی آغوش میں انسان جنم لیتا ہے جس کی ہوائیں اسے پروان چڑھاتی ہیں جس کی فضاؤں میں اس کی نشوونما ہوتی ہے جس کی مٹی سے اس کا خمیر اٹھتا ہے۔ اور اسی کے ذرّے ذرّے سے انسان کی عقیدت وابستہ ہوتی ہے۔ اس کی فضاؤں میں محبت کی خنکی ہوتی ہے، اس کے کھیتوں میں آنکھوں کا نور ہوتا ہے، اس کے گلستانوں میں چاہت کی چاشنی ہوتی ہے، اس کے ویرانوں میں یگانگت کی اپنائیت ہوتی ہے۔ اس کی ہر چیز جنت کا نمونہ پیش کرتی ہے۔
پاکستان کے در و دیوار...

Performance of Banking Industry After Privatization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Mcb Bank Limited

This research work aims to investigate the impact of privatization on the performing efficiency of MCB Bank Limited Privatization and the phenomenon of denationalization after the failure of socialism and communism globally. As the direction of enteritis was predetermined by state which in long term affected the performance of state-owned entities on many fronts even they reached at the verge of collapse and state was compelled to inject capital for their survival. Ultimately the state took drastic steps and initiated the process of denationalization and privatization to keep the industry intact in the changed scenario. In 1974, during Z.A. Bhutto regime Pakistan’s banking industry was nationalized with prime objective to address the issues of backward segments of economy but unfortunately after privatization industry was used for political motives and witnessed poor performance and financial indiscipline due to frequent interference in the affairs of banks particularly in lending activities and hiring of inefficient human resources. Resultantly banks failed to deliver as per expectation of masses and could not deliver quality customer services on one hand and accumulation of infected portfolio on the other which in turn swallowed the profitability and the capital of banks. It is revealed that bank has tremendously performed in all Key Performing Indicators, it has improved its profitability manifold, deposit base is significantly enhanced and became more liquid and solvent.

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Ajuga Bracteosa Wall. Ex. Benth

Ajuga bracteosa is a valuable yet endangered medicinal plant containing many important compounds, including withanolides, phytoecdysteroids, neo-clerodane and iridoid glycosides. These compounds possess a broad spectrum of biological, pharmacological and medicinal properties, but their yield is very low in wild A. bracteosa and chemical synthesis is not viable. The increased demand of natural products for medicinal purposes coupled with the low product yields and supply concerns of plant harvest has renewed interest in large-scale in vitro plant culture technology. A.bracteosa plant was subjected to in vitro culturing with the aim to study the effect of plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis for mass production and uniform plantlets for further genetic transformation. Leaf explants cultured on B5 medium containing 1mg/L 1-naphthaleneaceatic acid (NAA) + 0.5 mg/L 6-Benzyl amine purines (BAP) proved to be the most effective combination for somatic embryo induction. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 harboring pPCV002-A and pPCV002-CaMVC was used to obtain transgenic A. bracteosa plants. Transformation efficiency of 38% for rolA gene and 31% for rolC was obtained. Molecular analysis such as PCR and Southern blotting confirmed the integration of the rolA and rolC genes in the putative transgenic lines. The transcripts of these two genes were monitored by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, a significant difference in phytochemistry and the pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative and antidiabetic) was observed not only between the transgenic and control/untransformed plants but also among the transgenic lines themselves. The rolC transgenic lines in general showed better results compared to rolA. Quantitative analysis of Electro-spray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-TOF) revealed relatively higher contents of 20 hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) in transgenic plant lines of rolA and rolC compared to control/untransformed plant. Effect of low temperature stress on 20-HE biosynthesis revealed relatively high 20-HE content at 15°C compared to control (25°C). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the metabolic profiles obtained with non-targeted (ESI-MS) approach successfully distinguished the control A. bracteosa from the transgenic rolA and rolC population. Defense related secondary metabolites (tryptophan, mannitol, Cinnamic acid, and Shikimic acid) were identified in transgenic A. bracteosa lines. Taken together, our study suggests that low temperature stress and transformation with rol genes can be used for increased, constant and permanent production of valuable secondary metabolites from A. bracteosa plant.