مکانة السنة في نظر أهل القرآن

This article is about misunderstandings of "Ah-lul-Quran" towards "Al-Sunnah" they call themselves Ah-lul-Quran, though they do not deserve this title. They deny authenticity of the Hadith as well as the work of Mohaddisien, following in the footprints of their spiritual mentors who are primarily orientalists such as subringer, William mowver and Goldzehar. Actually in sub-Continent treacherous act of denial of Ahadith, was outcome of conspiracies hatched by imperial world. Major misunderstandings of Ah-lul-Quran towards Sunnah arise from the following. *          Status of the Prophet (SAW) in their eyes. *          According to their view Sunnah was not compiled during the time of prophet hood. *          Doubts about the ahadith as fabrication Indeed their views are based on nothing but merely misconceptions and ill-will against Islam. They not only deny the Sunnah but also the Quran. This paper refutes the objections held forth by the Ah-lul-Quran by indepth analysis and valid references.

Some New Results in the Theory of Fractional Second Grade and Ordinary Oldroyd-B Fluids

In this thesis some results regarding the flow behavior of second grade fluid with fractional derivatives and ordinary Oldroyd-B fluid under different circumstances have been studied. Firstly, some basic concepts regarding fluid motion and integral trans- forms have been discussed. Then the fluid motion of fractional second grade and ordinary Oldroyd-B fluids through a cylinder and annulus is studied. In chapter 2, the motion of fractional second grade fluid through an infinite cir- cular cylinder has been studied. After time t = 0+ the fluid motion is produced by rotating the circular cylinder about its axis. Laplace and finite Hankel transforms are used to find exact solutions. The similar solutions for Newtonian and ordinary second grade fluids are obtained as limiting cases of general solutions by making κ → 1 and α1 → 0, respectively κ → 1 . Chapter 3 intends to establish exact solutions for the unsteady flow of a fractional second grade fluid between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders. The general expres- sions for velocity and shear stress are obtained by using Laplace and finite Hankel transforms. The motion of the fluid is produced by the inner cylinder which is ro- tating around its axis due to a time-dependent torque per unit length 2πR1 at2 . The solutions that have been obtained satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. For κ → 1, respectively κ → 1 and α1 → 0, the corresponding solutions for ordinary second grade and Newtonian fluids, performing the same motion, are obtained as limiting cases. In chapter 4 the unsteady helical flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid through an infinite circular cylinder is studied. The motion of the fluid is produced by cylinder that, after time t = 0+ , is subject to both torsional and longitudinal time dependent shear stresses. The general solutions are presented in series form in terms of Bessel functions J0 (•), J1 (•) and J2 (•), and satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The corresponding solutions for Newtonian, second grade and Maxwell fluids are obtained as limiting cases of general solutions. Finally, the obtained solutions are compared by graphical illustrations and the influence of material parameters on the fluid motion is also underlined. Chapter 5 concerns with the unsteady Taylor-Couette flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid in an annulus due to a time-dependent torque applied to the inner cylinder. Motion is studied by means of finite Hankel transforms. The exact solutions are presented in series form in terms of usual Bessel functions, satisfy both the governing equations, and all imposed initial and boundary conditions. Similar solutions for Newtonian, second grade and Maxwell fluids performing the same motion are obtained as limit- ing cases of general solution. Finally, some characteristics of the fluid motion, as well as the influence of pertinent parameters on the behavior of the fluid motion, analyzed by graphs.