ہیں تمھارے یہ سارے خواب، جناب
زلف و لب، دل، جگر، شراب، جناب
ایک ہی جان پر ستم لاکھوں
پلکیں نازک، گراں حباب، جناب
قیس کے پائوں میں ہیں زنجیریں
اور لب پر ہے بس جناب، جناب
ہو گا محشر میں اک نیا محشر
تم سے مانگیں گے جب جواب، جناب
دیکھ لو اب فضا کی آنکھوں میں
چاند، قوسِ قزح، گلاب، جناب
The authors approach towards the text of some narrators is neither absolute acceptance nor absolute refusal to their texts regardless of whether they are authentic or unauthentic. Hence, it should be noted that even the authentic narrator’s text can be rejected on the basis of the context in which the text is narrated. Likewise, the unauthentic narrator’s text should not be rejected in context where the narrator is assumed to be authentic. The narrator might have been of weak memorisation, but his text may be accepted because of his long companionship to that particular Sheikh whereby he acquires strength. This research is limited to the unauthentic narrators whose text about a particular Bukhari, Muslim and Nisei. The objective is to extract these unauthentic narrators out of the men of Bukhari, Muslim and Nisei depending on the judgments of the critics that are related to the documentation of the unauthentic narrator and the acceptance of his text reported about a particular Sheikh, through the reviewing of reliable references. The study also aims to the extraction of the narrations of those narrators in Bukhari, Muslim and Nisei and its study in terms of text in order to know how the classifier quotes those narrators.
Dielectric Characterization Using High Q Microwave Resonators This dissertation presents a very efficient and robust method of dielectric characterization through high quality factor resonant structures. The resonant structures employed in this work acts as sensing elements which are not only cost effective but also easy to integrate with other components for System-in-Package applications. These sensors work on the principle of resonant perturbation theory due to which there is a shift in resonant frequency and change in bandwidth as soon as they are loaded with a sample material. This perturbation is relative to the dielectric properties of the loaded material hence through prior calibration unknown parameters of the sample material can be determined with excellent accuracy. Two classes of sensors based on Dielectric Resonator (DR) and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavity are reported. The DR sensor offers high accuracy and excellent repeatability with straight forward MUT loading mechanism. The TM01δ resonant mode is excited to keep maximum E-field concentration in the middle of DR. This arrangement ensures maximum perturbation of the DR when the sample material is loaded. Organic liquid mixtures as well as powdered chemicals are measured for their concentration using this DR. SIW cavity is another structure which is investigated for dielectric characterization application of solids and in particular to estimate moisture content in a single wheat kernel. The wheat kernel is loaded inside cavity through a hole drilled in the appropriate location that results in shifting the resonant frequency of SIW cavity which is operated in TE101 or TE102 resonant mode. High quality factor and planar topology of SIW is very attractive for such applications. A relatively different technique of liquid characterization by varying the coupling coefficient of an SIW filter is also proposed. A two pole SIW filter is used in which the two resonators are coupled through a stub line. The sample is mounted on the coupling section of the filter resulting in the variation of the coupling coefficient and xi this variation is proportional to the electrical properties of the liquid under test, thus through prior calibration the liquid mixture concentration is determined. All the proposed techniques in this work can be easily transformed into a standalone handheld device by integrating peripheral electronics for measurements. Since the resonant perturbation technique is applied in association with the standard reference samples which are used for calibrating the system prior to its usage therefore, the handheld system does not require very high precision RF components.