پاکستان میں مذہبی سیاست کا موجودہ انداز بھی حدود و قصاص قوانین نفاذ کے راستہ میں ایک بہت بڑی رکاوٹ ہے۔ ہمارے ملک میں لوگوں نے جب سے مذہب کو سیاست کی بنیاد بنایا ہے ۔ اس وقت سے یہاں مذہبی فرقوں کی بنیاد پر سیاسی پارٹیاں وجود میں آگئی ہیں ۔ جوں جوں یہ سیاسی پارٹیاں انتخابی میدان میں سرگرم ہوتی جاتی ہیں، ملک میں فرقہ وارانہ تنازعات کی شدت میں اضافہ ہوتا جاتا ہے۔ فرقہ وارانہ تنازعات کی شدت میں اسلام کے عمومی مقاصد پس پشت چلے جاتے ہیں اور جزوی اور فروعی اختلافات اہمیت اختیار کر لیتے ہیں۔ مزید برآں جب مذہب کی بنیاد پر لوگ انتخابی میدان میں آتے ہیں تو اس کا پہلا نتیجہ یہ نکلتا ہے کہ اسلام ایک اختلافی مسئلہ بن جاتا ہے۔
ممکن ہے بعض اہل علم اس رائے سے اختلاف کریں، لیکن گذشتہ پچھتر سال کا تجر بہ یہی بتاتا ہے کہ جب تک پاکستان میں مذہبی اور فرقہ وارانہ اپیل کی بنیاد پر ووٹ لینے والی سیاسی پارٹیاں موجود ہیں اور مذہب کے نام پر فرقہ وارانہ سیاست ہو رہی ہے ، تب تک ان قوانین پر عمل درآمد ممکن نہیں۔ کمال کی بات تو یہ ہے کہ جب تک پاکستان کی نون لیگ ،تحریک انصاف پارٹی اور دیگر سیاسی پارٹیوں کے قائدین اپنی تقاریر میں مذہبی ٹچ نہ دیں ۔ اس وقت تک ان کی تقاریر پھیکی رہتی ہیں ۔ چنانچہ جب تک اس طرح کی فضا سیاست کے میدان میں رہے گی، اس وقت تک پاکستان میں اسلام کے نفاذ کے راستے میں کوئی بڑی اور مثبت پیش قدمی نہیں ہو سکتی۔
Every branch of art leaves a deep impact on the human psyche, but the immortal fact is that the reason for their creation is also to reduce the tension of the human mind. The most representative theory of humor in philosophy and psychology and even in physics. Is the idea of well-being, comfort or well-being? Broadly speaking, this suggests that humor (which has an obvious physiological effect) has effects on the nervous system and allows different levels of stress to be released. In other words, laughter and good humor have the ability to release stored nervous energy.
Humor is included in human nature and man has a strong desire for this thing that there should be such means for him to express joy and expansion. Because through them, man is blessed with mental and physical peace and comfort. In these things, he considers the survival of his self-respect. Islam not only allows humor, sports and entertainment, but also sets rules and regulations within which human beings can fulfill their natural needs. Its cultural traditions should also be propagated. As the head and governor of the Islamic state, the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) made the best arrangements for his state, the taste of the people and their entertainment, and set an example for the rulers that, like other matters, oppression in this not to be taken for granted, fun and humor are part of human nature. He (ﷺ) allowed fun and laughter and He (ﷺ) himself used to be cheerful. Islam admires cheerfulness and cheerfulness, and encourages it so that people can be refreshed and perform their duties in an auspicious manner.
Through this paper, it will be clarified that what are the effects of humor on human psychology and what are the teachings of Islam and the Prophet of Islam in this regard.
Key Word: Fine Arts, Humor, Human terms, Human humor
Climate in Pakistan gradually increases in severity in north-south direction; this is also the general flow direction of Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) and canal commands. Thus, in general crop water demand increases and rainfall decreases in head-tail end direction of the canal commands. Insufficient delivery of canal water in comparison to increasing cropping intensities and water demands has lead share of groundwater irrigation to be at par with canal supplies. This has given birth to groundwater mining problems and increasing irrigation costs in tail ends of the canal systems. The research was conducted in Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) irrigation system to explore way out to curtail and reverse abnormal groundwater lowering trends at tail ends of canal systems and ensure equity of irrigation costs. Data regarding canal water, groundwater depth and quality, spatial climate variability and crop water requirement was analysed. Groundwater model of the area was developed using Groundwater Vistas software. Groundwater pumping by the farmers was the most complex parameter; crop water deficit approach was adopted to estimate it on Kharif and Rabi season basis. Different canal water reallocation scenarios encompassing 50 years time were developed and simulated. Most plausible reallocation pattern from head to tail end of the command was found for achieving the combined cost and quality equity of canal and groundwater use in the command. At prevailing pattern and average cropping intensity of 159.7%, the annual crop consumptive use requirements increases from 1051 to 1152 mm from head to tail end respectively, with 9.6% increase. Annual normal rainfall decreases from 472 mm at head to 212 mm at tail end, with 55.1% reduction. Net crop consumptive use requirement (after accounting rainfall contribution) is 725 mm at head end and 908 mm at tail end (distributed over CCA), thus 25.2% larger at tail end of the command. Canal supply is fairly uniform at distributary head, with out any trend in head tail end perspectives. Balance of crop water requirement is largely met by groundwater vpumping to the tune of 492 mm at head to 518 mm at tail. Groundwater recharge from canal supplies and rainfall reduces from 430 mm at head end to 285 mm at tail end. Groundwater depth varies from 4-8 m at head end to 14-20 m at tail end. Groundwater mining is taking place at tail end @ 0.34-0.60 m/year, whereas in head end areas groundwater levels are stable. About 49.35% area, mostly between LBDC canal and Ravi River is fresh. The areas on left side of the LBDC command i.e. head reach, upper part of the middle reach and a small patch in tail reach near Jhanian town fall under saline to marginal quality. In general groundwater quality improves towards the tail end. Excessive lowering of watertable has made groundwater pumping 2.37 times and overall irrigation cost 2.19 times expensive in tail reach areas of the command. With continued equitable canal water supply, after 50 years from now, tail end farmers will be bearing 3.17 and 3.92 times of irrigation costs than at head end, in case of Stochastic (S) and Post LBDCIP (P) flow series, respectively. With 25% reallocation from head towards tail end (with linear variation in between and comparatively less reallocation form saline head end areas) improves the standard deviation of cost inequity from 1905 to 323 and 1607 to 241 for S and P flow series, respectively. There is also net saving in groundwater pumping cost of 7.24 to 18.9% for the area in comparison to existing equitable canal water distribution. With this approach, at least no or minimal waterlogging in the head end area even during wet years and at the same time, no groundwater mining in the tail end can be expected. It is recommended that canal water duty may be re-established in consideration of spatial variability of climatic parameters (rainfall and ET) within and amongst the canal systems in the region. Temporal and spatial analysis of groundwater quality, travel time calculations, solute transport simulation and MODPATH run do not show much vulnerability of lateral saline intrusion, due to very slow movement of groundwater, except salts up- coning from deep saline water in Shergarh sub-area is posing the threat.