اسلام میں عورت کے حق طلاق کی حیثیت ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Of the several factors that justify the greatness of Islamic Culture and survived the test of time, one is the pride of place ascribed to woman in human society. Since the dawn of Islamic civilization, woman has been respected and cored and her rights have been protected and, thus, womanfolk has been made a purposeful existence. However, Islam, being a religion of nature, does not bring woman on the line of equality with man as the Islam is the religion of justice; not that of equality. The Holy Quran has very apparently determined the rights and duties of man and woman and these all are based on natural facts and laws as well. In the contemporary times, progressive as well as west-inspired circles of our society have put numerous objections on the issue of divorce. They opine that by giving man right to divorce, woman has been deprived of equal status; hence this one-sided right has not only disturbed the family life, but put woman at an interior place. This point of view does not testify to the very facts of Islamic practices in connection with the institution of divorce. In order to understand the historical background of the institution of divorce, laws and practices in vogue in two major religions of the world-Judaism and Christianity, are discussed in a brief manner. Besides, various reforms, from time and again, introduced in divorce in west are also touched upon in nutshell. However, major portion of this article focuses on Islamic teachings regarding divorce and its implications. Therefore, this research article attempts to highlight the various aspects of divorce in the light of Islamicteachings in a comprehensive manner so as to remove the doubts of so-called west-oriented circles of our society.

from Macro- Architecture to Micro- Architecture for Super Speed Universal Serial Bus Usb 3. 0

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial connectivity standard that provides easy connection between all sorts of peripherals and host computer. Main purpose behind the development of USB standard is to replace many varieties of parallel and serial ports.USB 2.0 is the current serial connectivity solution that supports transfer rates up to 480 Mbps. With the development of USB 3.0 enabled products, this transfer rate will soon increase to 4.8 Gbps, tenfold higher transfer rate over USB 2.0. USB 3.0 (also branded as USB SuperSpeed) will be the next version of the Universal Serial Bus family. The goal of this research is to define and develop the macro-architecture and then micro-architecture (independent of languages) for the USB 3.0 host controller soft IP core. USB 3.0 is very current standard. Its technical specification revisions 1.0 released in November 2008. Standard define new dual-bus architecture that is fully compatible with USB 2.0. It offers more than 10 % high speed over USB 2.0?s and better power saving mechanism. Due to its complexity designing the architectural specification from technical specification will be a great challenge. Because of high speed and high performance, low power consumption would be a crucial design concern. The next optional step of this research would be the optimization of this architecture for power and speed. Once it has been done and verified according to given SuperSpeed USB technical specifications, optimization techniques would be applied to produce low power and highly efficient core for USB 3.0. Future work includes implementation and simulations of the host controller IP core. The architecture and the micro-architecture developed for this project will result in development of commercial soft IP core. It will serve as bases for creating several other products.