اک شخص مرے دل میں سماتا چلا گیا
اور پیار کی وہ جوت جگاتا چلا گیا
تیرِ نظر وہ ایسے چلاتا چلا گیا
گزرا جدھر جدھر سے گراتا چلا گیا
میں ناسمجھ تھا پیار کے دھوکے میں آ گیا
دلِ پر سکون کو آگ لگاتا چلا گیا
ساقی کا ظلم دیکھیے کہہ کر مجھے شراب
ہر جامِ میں وہ زہر ملاتا چلا گیا
تائبؔ نے ایک روز جو یاروں کے درمیاں
چھیڑی تھی داستاں تو رُلاتا چلا گیا
This paper discusses the Islamic jurisprudence as well as the scientific stance regarding breast feeding. Breast feeding is a natural gift for a new born baby, which not only nourishes the infant but also provides great immunity to him. The new scientific research has clarified its importance by calling it the most essential element giving natural immunity that keeps a child healthy and free of diseases. Many developed countries have started “Human Milk Banks” as we have blood banks here. The Human Milk banks provide milk which is like natural food to deprived infants. By taking the milk from “Milk Banks” it creates serious moral and religious problems in the context of motherhood and family relations. This can even cause problems like declaring “Hurmat-e-Nikᾱḥ”. In this paper such issues are elaborated in the light of Qur’an, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence.
In 2009, Government of Pakistan formulated National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST), to devise a mechanism for accreditation of teacher education institutions and programs. The achievement of these NPST is assumed as the reliable parameter for exploring the effectiveness of any teacher education program. This study addresses the effectiveness of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) program offered through annual and semester system at University of Education (UE) Lahore, focusing on three (3) selected NPST (2009) Pakistan i.e Instructional Planning and Strategies, Learning Environment and Assessment. The study is of quantitative nature, which comprised of three (3) phases. The first phase was a content analysis of the scheme of studies of B.Ed program offered through annual and semester systems. In the second phase, data was collected through four (4) questionnaires and from 348 prospective teachers (who have completed their course work of teacher education program) and 60 teachers (teacher educators). Finally, the third phase was carried out through the observation of 36 graduate teachers (who have already graduated through annual or semester system and are presently working as teachers in the schools) against checklist. The study concluded that except the modes of assessment, there is no difference in scheme of studies, entry requirements, teaching strategies, medium of instruction and the duration of B.Ed program offered through annual and semester systems. Moreover, the prospective teachers showed their inclination towards the annual system and rated it effective for the offering of teacher education program under study. While the teachers (teacher educators and graduate teachers) considered that semester system is more effective for offering the teacher education program.