69. Al-Haqqah/The True Reality
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
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a. The True Reality!
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a. What is the True Reality?
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a. And what may enable you to comprehend the True Reality?
b. It is The Time of Resurrection and the Final Judgment.
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a. The people of the tribes of Thamud and ‘Ad denied coming of the calamity: the Time of Resurrection and Final Judgment.
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a. As for Thamud, they were destroyed by a severe thunderbolt.
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a. And as for ‘Ad, they were destroyed by furiously violent cold blast of roaring wind storm -
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a. HE unleashed upon them for seven long grueling nights and eight long days, in succession,
b. so that you could see the people lying dead on the ground like the uprooted hollow palm trunks.
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a. So do you see any of them remaining now?
b. No!
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a. And Pharaoh too, and those sinful communities before him, and the habitations of Sodom and Gomorrah overturned - which the people of Lot inhabited - indulged in grave sins.
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a. When they denied and belied the Messenger of their Rabb - The Lord,
b. then HE seized them with an overwhelming seizing - one exceeding the other in its severity.
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a. And when the water level rose high - exceeding all limits - during the forty days and forty nights of Great Flooding, WE carried you to safety in the floating Ark.
Tafsir (al-Durr al-Manthur) was authored by Jalal al-Din Suyuti, a scholar of the 9th century A. H. He is well known fo outstanding contribution towards various Islamic sciences. In tafsir, he has accumulated a big treasure of explanatory tradit which he extracted from many books. He however, did authenticate the mentioned reports and did not cross examine narrators. As a result many weak, fabricated and unauthe traditions chipped into this tafseer which caused doubts abou validity and status of his commentary. In this article s fabricated reports have been discussed.
Metal contamination of urban and agricultural soil is a potential threat for human health. With increasing population, human activities like rapid industrialization, unchecked urbanization and agricultural activities significantly contribute to the heavy metal pollution. Metal contaminants present in environment can enter into the food web so cause harmful effects on living organisms. The present proposal aims to address the heavy metals pollution like Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) in soil, and bioaccumulation of these metals in soil dwelling organisms ?earthworms?. For this purpose, 40 sites were selected including urban, agricultural, industrial land forest areas. Briefly, soil samples and earthworms were collected from selected sites and stored under standardize conditions. Soil digests, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extracts and earthworms? digests were prepared using acids under standard lab conditions. The digests and extracts were assessed for heavy metal contamination by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer following the standard protocols. We found that high levels of metal contaminant were present in selected samples of soil of industrial and urban areas. The highest concentration of Chromium was found in industrial soil samples (mean 2352 ?g/g). Additionally, the bioaccumulation of these metals in earthworms also showed significant concentrations. However, the soil and earthworm samples from agricultural and forest areas had comparatively low level of heavy metals. These results indicate that industrial and urban areas of district Kasur are affected in terms of heavy metal pollution due to excessive anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, bio-accumulation of these heavy metals in earthworms serves as a useful bio-indicator of soil pollution. . The average range of heavy metals in soil of industrial areas were; Cd (26.931?g/g), Cr (2352.3?g/g), As (21.62?g/g) and Pb (6.64?g/g) whereas in earthworms from industrial areas were; Cd (33.43?g/g), Cr (31.085?g/g), As (0.30?g/g) and Pb (11.45?g/g). Similarly the average range of heavy metals in soil in urban areas were; Cd (18.153?g/g), Cr (1354.9?g/g), As (22.824?g/g) and Pb (30.612?g/g), whereas in earthworms from urban areas were; Cd (23.206?g/g), Cr (17.215?g/g), As (0.27?g/g) and Pb (11.89?g/g).The total accumulation rate of cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic in the biomass of the earthworms was significantly higher in industrial and urban areas of Kasur rather than agricultural and forests.