نبی کریم ﷺ کی خانگی و معاشرتی زندگی کے اہم پہلو

The Holy Quran Says: “Indeed in (the life of) the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad SAW) you have a good example to follow” (Al-Ahzab: 33/21). The present article shows that “the good example” of the Prophet (SAW) encompasses different aspects of human life including family and social one. The article brings to light that as a guardian of the household; the Prophet (SAW) sincerely looked after the daily needs of his family members and also took full care of guiding them in religious matters. He was habitual of doing his own works and sharing the burden of his family in domestic works. He gave preference to the needy among the companions (particularly Ashab-i- Suffah) over his family members in giving assistance for meeting the day-today requirements. With regard to the social life of the Prophet (SAW), the article discusses in detail that with multifarious duties, how he used to fulfill his social responsibilities regularly and faithfully. The author mainly emphasizes the active participation of the Prophet (SAW) in the collective works with his companions, strictly adhering to the principle of equality and desiring no distinction for himself while doing works. The article further takes into account the ideal practices of the Prophet (SAW) with regard to attending to the needs of poor, distressed and grieved persons without any discrimination between Muslims and non-Muslims. It also comes to light that the Prophet (SAW) was quite generous towards guests and sympathetic to patients including Muslims and non-Muslims. His mingling and associating with common people and attending to their problems of varied nature was also a striking feature of his social life. Moreover, it was also shown in the article with reference to the authentic sources, that the Prophet (SAW) was great helpful and cooperative particularly for the people of the weaker sections of society including slaves, servants, orphans, widows and disabled persons. In the light of the noble practices of the Prophet (SAW), this was highlighted by the contributor in the different parts of the article that he had left ideal examples of gentleness, justice, equality and transparency in dealing with people in social life and discharging his duties as the Prophet and head of the state. In fact, the total conformity (mutabaqat) between his sayings and practices was a shining example of his high character which had left a great and lasting impact on the society through ages and also contributed to make him the greatest personality of the world. It was observed by the author in the conclusion that the life of the Prophet (SAW) has been ideal from every aspect of human life. His Uswah-i- Mubarakah regarding social life has great importance from the point of view that it is mostly related to the fulfillment of human rights, particularly behaving and dealing with the people different shades. Of course, taking care and fulfillment of human rights is full of difficult trials and complicated problems especially in the present days. So, the Sirah of the Prophet (SAW) is quite relevant to tackle the problems of social life, as well as great useful for bringing reform in the decaying society of modern period.

Causes of English Teachers Turnover and its Effects on Students Learning

One of the challenging issues that educational institutions face in staffing the classes with qualified teachers is the high rate of teachers’ turnover. It creates problems in schools, which ultimately leads to substandard instruction and low student achievement (Liu & Meyer, 2005). Therefore, it is important for educational organizations such as schools, colleges and universities to increase their efforts to attract and retain skilled and committed teachers in order to enhance students’ learning and performance. This study aims at exploring the causes of English teachers’ turnover in a non-government educational organization in Kabul, Afghanistan. This research is conducted using a qualitative case study to get an in-depth understanding of the causes of teachers’ turnover and its effects on students’ learning. The results indicate that lack of teachers’ motivation, lower salary, communication gaps between management and teachers, market opportunities for English teachers, workload, absence of career path and weak recruitment processes are the main factors contributing to teachers’ turnover which sometimes results in teachers leaving the teaching profession altogether. Moreover, this study indicates interruptions in learning process, behavioural adjustment of students with new teachers, continuous exposure of students with novice teachers, and emotional interruptions as the negative effects of turnover on students’ learning. Considering the findings, this study recommends a re-adjustment of teachers’ salary and their working conditions. Moreover, creation of covenantal bond rather than contractual bond is suggested that can motivate the teachers to remain with the organization and the teaching profession. Creation of such a bond requires a transformational leader governing the system.