الاصابہ فی تمییز الصحابہ میں نماز و روزے سے متعلقہ روایاتِ اَحکام کا تحقیقی جائزہ Research Review of the Traditions of Rulings on Prayer and Fasting in Al-Aṣābah Fī Tamīz al-Ṣaḥābah

The book “Al-Aṣābah Fī Tamīz al-Ṣaḥābah” is a famous book of Ibn Ḥajar ‘Asqalānī on the life and contribution of the Companions. This book is quoted as a reference to decide the status of companions. It would not be wrong to call it the encyclopedia of the companions of the Holy Prophetﷺ. Apart from its status as a reference book regarding the companions this book encompasses the Seerah of Holy Prophet in a detailed and well composed manner. The distinction of the book is not hidden from the experts of science and research. In the book and other similar books, the life of the companions was discussed and the biography of the Prophet ﷺwas also described, but another aspect that remained unexplored in these books is the virtues and commandments mentioned in it. There are also narrations about virtues. In this paper the researcher has evaluated the Hadiths related to prayer and fasting that are narrated in Al-Aṣābah Fī Tamīz al-Ṣaḥābah. The evaluation comprises of authenticity of narrators and text, narrators’ mutual association or disassociation and the final decree about the authenticity of a hadith in the light of all available evidences.

Taxonomic and Pharmacognostic Authentication of Problematic Medicinal Plants Used As Herbal Medicine

The present research project pertains to detailed taxonomic and pharmacognositc studies of seven herbal medicines namely Neem (Azadirachta indica) the officinal part of this plant that is leaves and aerial parts used in traditional medicines for diabetes, skin diseases, malaria, hepatitis etc.; Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) the leaves of this plant are used for digestion, anaxiety, cholesterol and pain; Sana Makki (Cassia angustifolia) the aerial parts of this plant are used for constipation, piles, migraine, heart diseases etc.; Brahmi (Centella asiatica) the aerial parts are used for wounds, digestion, mental depression etc. ; Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) the aerial parts are used for cough, cold, fever, flu and allergy; Henna (Lawsonia inermis) the leaves and powdered leaves are used for hair, jaundice and skin diseases and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) the leaves are used for wounds, baldness, pneumonia etc. The present study was aimed to investigate indigenous medicinal uses, marketing status, macro and microscopical characters (LM & SEM) of pollen, foliar epidermal anatomy, behavior of powdered drug on treatment with different chemical reagents, fluorescence analysis (under visible & UV light) and preliminary phytochmeical tests to differentiate the genuine source from its adulterant. Such investigation may provide basis for authentication, standardization and characterization of genuine drug. The details of information regarding the nomenclature, distribution, organoleptic analysis, macro and microscopic characters, solubility tests, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochmeical screening and pictorial guide established in this study facilitate in authentication of genuine drug Azadirachta indica (Neem) from its substitute Melia azedarach, Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) from Chenopodium ambrosoides, Cassia angustifolia (Sana Makki) from Cassia obtusifolia, Centella asiatica (Brahmi) from Bacopa monnieri, Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon Grass) from Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Lawsonia inermis (Henna) from Mirabilus jalapa and Nicotiana tabaccum (Tobbaco) from Helianthus annuus. It is concluded form this study that such type of findings will be useful in preparation of monographs on these plants particularly and establishing taxo-pharmacognostic standardization on identification, quality, purity and classification of the medicinal plants as per WHO guidelines for drug discovery development at global perspectives.