الباب الثاني: الشاعرۃ نازك الملائکۃ
سنتحدث في ھذا الباب عن رائدۃ الشعر العربي الحر نازك الملائکۃ منذ ولادتھا إلی وفاتھا وما قدمت من أعمال أدبیۃ وشعریۃ وعلمیۃ، وأسلوبھا وکیف کانت بدایۃ نظمھا وما ھي أھم مؤلفاتھا وأشھر دواودینھا، وهي شاعرة عربية من دولة العراق ، عراقية الأصل ، وأشعارها معروفة بالحزن وقد خترت هذه الشخصية العظيمة مقارنةً مع بروين شاكر باكستانية الأصل ، لأن بروين شاكر أيضاً معروفة بأشعارها الحزينة فهناك تشابه بينهما في أمور كثيرة . والآن سنتعرف على نازك الملائكة.
Since the inception of Islam, the translation of Quran’s meanings into other languages has always been an incessant need of the non-Arab Muslims. Although there are contrast views of Muslim scholars about the translatability and untranslatability of Quran into other languages for its innate miraculous meanings, tremendous efforts have been made, throughout the history, to make Quran easy for general public. Urdu is one of those languages in which Quran has been translated since Islam has brightened horizon of the sub-Continent. This research deals with the shortest Surah of Quran that contains plethora of meanings and rhetorical secrets with least letters, words and sentences. The research paper comprises of: Eloquence of al-Kawthar hinting the hidden semantic meanings. The problems of translating this chapter keeping in view to encompass the meanings of semantic eloquence during its translation. The researcher has confined the study to four Urdu Translations: Translation of Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Translation of Sheikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Translation of Sheikh Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi Translation of Sheikh Abdul Majid Derya Abadi). The article deals with highlighting the difference between rhetorical miracles in the Qur’anic text and the shortcomings of its translations in an explanatory table and the research work comes to end with valuable results and suggestions.
Women in Pakistan are playing an important role in the society, with the majority living in the rural areas. However, the condition of women in the country is very adverse especially in rural areas. Punjab Rural Support Programme (PRSP) is a non-government organization working for the empowerment of rural women. Its main aim is to organize community, to help equip the less privileged people fight poverty and to run operations that encourage socio-economic empowerment. The present study was designed to analyze the role of PRSP in catalyzing the process of empowerment in rural women of district Faisalabad. The results of the study would be advantageous to identify the strengths and weaknesses of PRSP in catalyzing the process of empowerment and to propose measures for further improvement. The population for the study consisted of rural women only who were members of the Community Organizations (COs) of PRSP. A multistage simple random sampling technique was used for the study. Out of the eight towns of district Faisalabad, four towns which cover rural areas (Samundri, Iqbal town, Jaranwala, and Chak Jhumra) were selected. Four field units of PRSP are working in these four towns i.e. Salarwala in Chak Jhumra, Satiana in Jaranwala, Khidarwala in Samundri, and Dijkot in Iqbal Town. These field units have 214, 203, 170 and 238 female COs, respectively. Sample of 10% COs was selected from each field unit randomly. Thus the total selected COs were 82. Five members from each CO were selected at random. In this way the total sample size for the study was 410 respondents. Validated and pre-tested interview schedule was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed with the help of SPSS. It was concluded that social organization and micro- financing were the two main services provided by PRSP to all members of the organization. The respondents considered most of the dimensions of micro-credit quite good but they were hardly satisfied with the amount of credit given to them by PRSP. The training of tie and dye was considered quite useful by the respondents followed by beautician course. The other trainings were perceived to be relatively less useful. The facilities for education were considered good by the respondents however, they were only satisfied with health facilities. The decision making power of respondents at household level was improved due to the services provided to them by PRSP. Burden of household responsibilities, less involvement in decision making, religious bindings were main socio-cultural barriers to women empowerment. There was a dearth of income generating activities, employment opportunities and access to economic resources for women which were important barriers to their empowerment. A large majority of the respondents considered participatory approach followed by PRSP as a tool for women empowerment. The highly significant negative relationship between age of the respondents and women empowerment showed that lesser the age, more was the feeling of empowerment. There was a highly significant positive relationship between education, family income and share in family income of the respondents and women empowerment.