Privacy in Islam: A Sacred Human Right

‘Right to Privacy’ or the’ Privacy of an individual’ is considered as the most important and the most basic of all the fundamental rights and liberties. It is the concern of all legal systems, civilizations, cultures and religions. In the modern Western and legal perspectives, the right to privacy has emerged from the concept of right to life, which is considered as the basic right from which all the other rights are derived. Islam, on the other hand, considers as an independent and separate human right. The present study is an attempt to briefly reflect and accumulate all the aspects and dimensions of the Privacy right in Islam. It is mainly concerned with the privacy of one’s home, confidential correspondence investigating someone’s financial, private and family affairs, and other such violations, Its punishment prescribed by Islam and its implications on an human society, arising out of doubts, suspicions, accusations and mistrust, in the teachings of Quran and Sunnah of the Messenger ﷺ in particular and of the Islamic jurists in general.

Unsteady Flows of Some Rate and Differnetial Type Fluids Magnetic Porosity Effects

This thesis has two principal objectives. Firstly, to obtain exact solutions for some non-Newtonian fluids of rate and differential type including second grade fluids, generalized Oldroyd-B fluids, Burgers’ fluids, and generalized Burgers’ fluids. Secondly, to study the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and porosity effects on such fluids. More precisely, the basic aim is to find the velocity field and the shear stresses corresponding to the unsteady motion of rate and differential type fluids through porous media in different situations in the presence of magnetic field. The flows induced by oscillating shear stress and oscillating velocity on the boundary have been studied. The partial differential equations obtained from the mathematical formulation of these problems have been solved using analytic techniques, i.e., the Laplace transform, Fourier transform, and Hankel transform. The obtained solutions satisfy all the imposed initial and boundary conditions. The similar solutions for some simpler non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids, have been obtained as limiting cases of general solutions. By means of graphical illustrations, the influence of magnetic and porosity parameters, effect of various parameters on the steady-state and transient velocity contributions have been presented and discussed.