مصادر قانون بطور سند اسلامی اور مغربی اصول قانون كا تحقیقی اور تقابلی جائزہ

Validity of the law depends on its derivation from legitimate sources. The term ‘source’ denotes the norm that validates a law. Western law is based on western legal tradition which is deeply rooted in Roman law and Bible. Statutes is one of the basic source of western law, however, constitution is superior source of western legal system. The sources of Islamic law, unlike to western legal system, are basically divided into primary and secondary sources. This study aims to compare the authority of sources of legal systems, Islam and western, and analyze the objections of orientalists on Islamic law and its sources.

فلاح انسانی: خطبہ حجۃ الوداع اور عالمی چارثر 1948ء کی روشنی میں

Betterment of Humans in the Light of Khutbah Hajjat-ul-Wadah and the Universal Declaration of 1948 (A Comparative Study) Human rights are the most complicated issue and challenge for 21st Century. Islam has granted some fundamental rights for the whole humanity, without any discrimination that needs be practiced under all situations. The west claimed to be founder of Human rights due to which the people of the world are blessed with all human rights otherwise they were steped in ignorance. The question arises are human rights absolute and bestowed on men by God or they caused by development of society on created by the society itself. Basically to answer this question, the present research is conducted by making a comparative study of the human rights granted by Allah Almighty through Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in his last sermon and contemporary human rights practiced in the west specially documented in universal declaration of 1948. The objective of the study is to compare both document, their origin and development. After detailed study it is clear that Islam has laid down a comprehensive charter of universal fundamental rights for humanity 1400 years ago. This charter granted a very note worthy profound declaration of rights. Furthermore it is concluded that there is no substantial difference between some of the fundamental principles set forth in the west and the Islamic precepts, whereas, there is difference in their approaches. On the basis of the research it is concluded that the inherent dignity of man and his fundamental freedom tracing its origin back to God or Divine inspiration. The main purpose of this study is to reveal and disclose the similarities and dissimilarities in respect of social human rights and freedom in universal declaration on human Rights (UDHR 1948) from the Islamic political perspective by defining the concept of human rights and its characteristics in both Islam and western perspectives, studying the UDHR with a view to extract the social human rights and freedom contained therein and finally stating the similarities and dissimilarities between the last sermon and declaration in respect of such rights alongside the description on how such rights supposed to be in the declaration in particular and in the western ideology in general in the light of Islamic social reforms.