قیام امن اور مذہبی ہم آہنگی

The Internal dissensions within the ranks of the Muslim Ummah are very harmful and condemnable. Today, the Muslims of the world have fallen into the deep recesses of decline due to their mutual differences. The intrigues and conspiracies of the hostile nations have created schism and dissensions among the Muslims on the grounds of language, land, race and color. In our country (Pakistan), if we ponder on the growing rate of violence, we will find that the main causes of this chaos are our attitude towards our mutual differences. Because of intolerant approach towards our mutual differnces, our difficulties and problems are sizing up, and they have engulfed the whole nation, now. The only point on which our nation can be united is the “Kalimah”. The followers of this “Kalimah” whether they are white or black, rich or poor, or whatever race they belong to, and whatever territory or country they come from, they are all considered as the member of the Muslim Ummah. Keeping the prevailing situation of the Muslim Ummah, the author of this paper feelss that an appropriate answer to the question, ‘are all sorts of differences condemnable?’, is key to end most of our differences. In fact, all sorts of differences are not condemnable or forbidden; if differences of opinions are based on some logical grounds within the jurisdiction of the Qur’ān and Aḥādīth, they are permissible and justified as inevitable and natural. Such kind of approach can promote tolerance and unity among the Muslim Ummah and can put us at peace.

Study of Wound Healing and Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compounds Found in Honey from Different Flora of Pakistan

Honey is naturally sweet substance produced by honeybees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plant. The composition and flavor of honey varies with the plant source of the nectar. A study was designed to explore the medicinal values of commercially available raw honey of different flora of Pakistan. Samples of honey from Acacia, Ziziphus, Citrus and Brassica were collected from different areas of Pakistan and evaluated for physicochemical properties including pH, acidity, moisture, HMF, diastase, sucrose, glucose, fructose and total sugars by using Official Methods of Analysis (AOAC). The trace elements and minerals (macro and micronutrients) were evaluated by using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer and Flame Emission spectrophotometer respectively. The levels of these nutrient were significantly different in all honey types. The pH of honey samples used in our study ranged from 3.30 – 6.56. It was observed that ash contents and electrical conductivity was higher for Ziziphus honey. The highest levels of K, Na, Fe and Ca were found whereas very low concentration of B was found in honey samples i.e. 0.11- 2.53μg/g. For the assessment of Bioactivity wound healing activity of honey was tested. The doses of different concentrations of honey on the basis of body weight of animals were applied locally against incision, excision, dead space and burn model of rats. All topical treatments produced a significant reduced in the period of epithelization and an increase in wound contraction in the excision model compared to the control while in the incision wound model there was a significant increase in the breaking strength of the wound. The antibacterial activity of honey was assessed against selected microorganisms causing wound infection. Quantification of microbial growth inhibition was determined by measuring the diameter of zones clear of microbial growth around the wells in the agar (including the xivwell). The mean inhibition zone diameter (mm) for Acacia, Ziziphus, Brassica and Citrus were 30.02 + 0.21, 29.35 + 0.26, 16.50 + 0.12 and 15.67 + 0.14 respectively. Agar dilution method was used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC for different honeys was found to be significantly different from each other. The minimal inhibitory concentration of different honey samples of Acacia, Ziziphus, Brassica and Citrus were recorded as 7.65 + 0.47 % v/v, 7.66 + 0.46 % v/v, 9.21 + 0.42 % v/v and 9.02 + 0.66 % v/v respectively. Finally medicinal and economical values of honey were compared with other tradition medicines available in the market for the suitability of this natural product for the health purposes.