Vulnerability of Women in Disasters: A Case Study of District Badin

The climate change is universal phenomenon, its severe impact can be clearly observed in poor countries having mainly dependence on natural resources and having limited coping strategies for extreme climate change. Given the role of women in society, they tend to face more damages in terms of reduction in their income level, saving pattern and the level of education in disaster prone areas. This article examines the impact of disaster on women. The data for study is collected through questionnaire from district Badin of Sindh province. The findings of study revealed that income level of household is affected after disaster, and households who were low at saving pattern are affected more than households with high savings. To combat the impact of disaster on women the government should initiate awareness drive to respond the disaster related vulnerabilities.

Exploring the Impact of In-Service Training on Elementary Science Teachers’ Professional Competence

Public school teachers in Pakistan often undergo in-service trainings that are usually managed by foreign donor-funded agencies. Because of the poor performance of primary schools, the training projects usually focus on professional development of primary and elementary teachers. It is important to know how much the programmes are beneficial for building teachers’ professional knowledge basis by enhancing their teaching skills. To improve schools and enhance professional competence of elementary teachers, the Aga Khan University-Institute for Educational development launched a project known as Strengthening Teacher Education in Pakistan (STEP) through funding of Foreign Affairs and Trade Developments of Canada and the Aga Khan foundation (AKF-C) Canada. Among a variety of programmatic activities, Whole School Improvement (WSIP) is one of the key programmes of STEP project implemented in multifaceted interventions in three separate districts of Balochistan. Teachers continued professional development through in-house workshops and follow up support has been one of the key factors of WSIP. This study explored the impact of training programme conducted under Whole School Improvement Programme (WSIP) on primary teachers’ competence in the context of Balochistan. A qualitative case study methodology was adopted to conduct the study. The participants comprised four primary teachers and a Lead Teacher who was the master trainer. The data was collected through multiple sources: semi-structured interviews, classroom observation, field notes and document analysis. The main findings of the study suggested that the teachers built a collaborative learning environment in the schools. Their interactions and discussions enhanced their professional knowledge and skills. The teachers also developed friendly attitude with students. Furthermore, the teachers believed that on the one hand, the new learnt pedagogies help them involve students in interactive learning and on the other hand, they perceived that the pedagogical skills were helpful to enhance students’ conceptual understanding of science topics. However, the teachers faced challenges like, shortage of necessary teaching materials, lack of parental involvement, pressure of syllabus completion and lack of follow up support. These challenges impede the process of effective classroom teaching and learning. The study recommends further support in terms of resources and professional development for teachers.