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An analysis of energy crisis in Pakistan and its possible solutions

Thesis Info

Author

Hazrat Hassan

Supervisor

Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah

Department

Department of Accounting and Finance

Program

MBA

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

40

Subject

Accounting & Finance

Language

English

Other

MA/MSC 657 HAA

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721853187

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غلام نبی مہجور

غلام نبی مہجور
غلام نبی مہجور(۱۹۴۸۔۱۸۸۰) پسرور ضلع سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ اصل نام غلام نبی اور مہجورؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ (۱۹۵) پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے مہجور نے منشی فاضل کا امتحان پاس کیا اور بدوملہی سکول میں اردو عربی کے استاد مقرر ہوئے۔ اسی ملازمت کے دوران آپ احمدیہ جماعت میں شامل ہو گئے اور تبلیغی خدمات سر انجام دینے لگے۔ آخری عمر میں احمدیہ مسلک سے کنارہ کش ہو گئے۔ (۱۹۶) مہجور کا بیشتر کلام روزنامہ ’’احسان‘‘ اور ’’شباب‘‘ میں چھپتا رہا۔ آپ کی مولانا عبد المجید سالک اور آغا حشر کاشمیری سے اچھی وابستگی تھی۔نمونے کے طور پر کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
جہاں میں خواجگی اور بندگی تقسیمِ فطرت ہے
عطائے بے سبب پر شکر رحماں کر رہا ہوں میں
کوئی حاسد نہ مانے خواجگی میری تو نہ مانے
عدو کو صورتِ سیماب لرزاں کر رہا ہوں میں (۱۹۷)

سلطنت کی کچھ صلاحیت اگر ہوتی ہمیں
سر پہ رکھ کر ہاتھ پھر تقدیر کیوں روتی ہمیں
خوبیٔ قسمت سے ہوتے ہم اگر جوہر شناس
ہند کے ساغر میں بھی ملتے بہت موتی ہمیں (۱۹۸)
مالن ہے گھر میں آئی
مالا بنا کے لائی
دیتی ہے وہ بدھائی
کہتی ہے عید آئی
پر میرا پیا بن کملائے جا رہا ہے
کاگا پیام لے جا
میرا سلام لے جا
جس جاہے شام لے جا
کر دے یہ کام لے جا
اور میرا دل پیا بن کملائے جا رہا ہے
اشکوں کی رویہ روانی
یہ سوزشِ نہانی
کس سے کہوں کہانی
آفت ہے ‘ نوجوانی
دل کا کنول کسی بن کملائے جا رہا ہے
ننھی سی میری جاں ہے
کمزور و نا تواں ہے
مہجورؔ تو کہاں ہے
آنکھوں سے کیوں نہاں ہے
دل کا کنول ترے بن کملائے جا رہا ہے(۱۹۹)
لڑکپن ہے ابھی تیری طبیعت بھولی بھالی ہے
مگر اک دن بجائے...

Assessment of Quality of Life in Chronic Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Public Hospital, Lahore QoL in Hemodialysis patients

Quality of life of chronic renal disease patients is affected by several factors, depending on stage of disease, type of treatment and sociodemographic factors Objective: To assess the quality of life undergoing hemodialysis patients Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during February to May-2019. Patients suffering from chronic renal disease were included in the study and uncooperative patients were excluded in the study. Total 100 samples of chronic renal disease patients were selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Patients were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis Results: According to results 39% patients reported that they were suffering from depression, 47% patients of chronic renal disease were unemployed, 28% patients were malnourished and 98% patients were having 3 or more dialysis sessions per week. Also only 26% patients thought that quality of life of older patients is better while 74% considered it poor. Only 77% patients thought that quality of life of middle aged patients is better while 23% patients considered that quality of life of middle aged patients was poor.42% patients thought that quality of life of young aged patients is better while 58%considered it poor Conclusions: Malnutrition, unemployment and hypertensionare the factors affecting the quality of life in patients undergoinghemodialysis in this study. The quality of life of middle aged patients was comparatively better.

Studies on Liquid Milk Based Diet Formula to Ascertain an Innovative Therapeutic Food With Bifiodo-Genic Properties.

Malnutrition is a condition in which lack, surplus or inequity of macro and/or micro nutrients in the food exert unfavorable impacts on mental, physical and functional characteristic of body. Half of all children in Pakistan are chronically malnourished (stunted) while 11 % are acutely malnourished (wasted). Malnourished children acquire infections more quickly than the normal. This situation has created high mortality and morbidity rates in less than 5 years of age, undermining their mental and physical growth and leading to significant economic impact on the country’s development and prosperity. WHO recommended two therapeutic formula milks F-75 as a starter and F-100 as a catch-up for rebuilding of wasted tissues in acute malnourished children. Keeping in view the malnutrition severity in children of Pakistan and importance of probiotics, a study was designed to compare locally prepared (LF-75 and 100) and commercial (F-75 and 100) provided by UNICEF with the addition of probiotics. Project was divided into 3 studies as Study-I: Preparation of LF-75 and LF-100 and their physiochemical comparison with F75 and F100 was carried out. Both local formulae were prepared from sugar, vegetable oil, whole dried milk powder and mineral mixed according to the quid lines of WHO. The analyses of these formulae milk show non-significant (p>0.05) difference in pH (6.51-6.58), acidity (0.13-0.14%) and lactose (1.30-1.31 and 4.12-4.24%), while the differences was significant (P<0.05) regarding moisture (84.62-85.86 and 81.97-83.43 %), fat (2.94-2.65 and 5.80-6.08%), Protein (0.84-0.94 and 2.57-2.64%), ash (0.35-0.50 and 0.50-0.70%), calcium (50.3-75-35.5 and 579.2-305.2 mg/ 100 g), Fe (1.3-2.3 and 3.1-2.3 mg/ 100 g), Cu (0.19-0.22 and 2.7-1.2 mg/ 100g), Zn (1.9-1.13 and 20.20-15.02 mg/100g), SNF (7.99-7.26 and 13.62-12.62%) and density (1.57-1.03 and 1.47-1.03 g/cm3). In Study-II; the probiotics were added to above formulae milk samples and their viability and efficacy was assessment through biological studies. For this part of study 12 different treatments were prepared (F-75, F-75+P1, F-75+P2, LF-75, LF-75+P1, LF-75+P2, F-100, F-100+P1, F-100+P2, LF-100, LF-100+P1 and LF-100+P2) using probiotics P1: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) and P2: Streptococcus thermophilus (TH-4®), Lactobacillus paracasei 431® and BB-12. This study was divided into four distinct stages. In stage-1 acclimatization of the rats was done with standard diet, while in stage-2, malnutrition was induced by providing nutrient deficient diet. In stage-3, F-75 were provided 2 weeks and then F-100 formulae (both) were implemented. The viability of probiotics at 0 and 24 hours was examined and found that storage time, diet sources and probiotics had significant (p<0.01) influence on the viability of probiotics. The number of probiotics increased enough were present to carry out the therapeutic activities. The viable count were in both samples F-75, F-100, LF-75 and LF-100 containing P2 probiotics followed by the samples containing P1. A significant change (p<0.01) in weight, albumin, blood glucose and other attributes of blood was estimated before and after malnutrition. Glucose, albumin, hemoglobin and WPC were increased in rats who were administrated with F-75 and F-100 containing P1 and P2 followed by the LF-75 and LF-100 containing xviii P1 and P2. Histopathological examination showed the normal results of liver and kidney after getting the therapeutic diet except control. The nanofibers containing probiotics prepared with 9% poly vinyl alcohol showed homogenous, uniform, bead free and smooth texture. Considering the prolonged viability of nanofibers containing probiotics was noted at room temperature. It is concluded from the locally prepare milk formulae containing probiotics could be helpful to reduce rate of malnutrition in children.