ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری
پاکستان وبھارت کے علمی اور دینی حلقوں میں یہ خبر بڑے رنج وغم کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ۲۵/نومبر۱۹۸۳ء کوپاکستان کے ایک نامور ادیب،مصنف اور مؤرخ ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری کراچی میں ٹریفک کے ایک حادثے میں جاں بحق ہوگئے۔ وفات کے وقت ان کی عمر۵۶برس کے لگ بھگ تھی۔
قادری صاحب روہیلکھنڈ کے مشہور تاریخی قصبے آنولہ کے رہنے والے تھے۔ان کی ابتدائی تعلیم بدایوں اوربریلی میں ہوئی۔تقسیم ملک کے بعد موصوف کراچی چلے گئے۔کراچی جاکر انھوں نے اپنی تعلیم جاری رکھی اوربالآخر اردو کالج کراچی میں شعبۂ اردو میں لیکچرار مقرر ہوئے اور محنت،لگن اورخلوص کی بدولت آخر میں شعبۂ اردو کے صدر بن گئے۔
قادری صاحب کوروہیلکھنڈ کی تاریخ، رجال اور اماکن پربڑی دسترس تھی۔اس کے علاوہ۱۸۵۷ء کی جنگِ آزادی کے ہیرو ان کی تحقیق کا محور تھے۔ انھوں نے مخدوم جہانیاںؒ کاایک تذکرہ لکھا اورمآثرالامراء کااردو میں ترجمہ کیا۔ مرحوم نے مجلہ اردو کالج کراچی کے کئی شاندار نمبرنکالے۔پاکستان اوربھارت کے علمی وادبی رسائل میں ان کے مضامین اکثرچھپتے رہتے تھے۔
۲۵/نومبر کی شام کو موصوف اپنے گھرواقع شمالی ناظم آباد سے چلے۔ابھی انھوں نے بمشکل سو سواسوگز کا فاصلہ طے کیاہوگا کہ ایک ویگن ان کے سرسے ٹکرا گئی اورموصوف موقع پرہی جان بحق ہوگئے۔
یہ بھی عجیب بات ہے کہ ان کے ایک حقیقی بھائی ابومعاویہ نعمت اﷲ قادری بھی ۲/فروری۱۹۸۱ء کولیاقت آباد کراچی میں ٹریفک کے ایک ایسے ہی حادثے میں جاں بحق ہوئے تھے۔ابومعاویہ کودیکھ کرقرنِ اوّل کے مسلمانوں کی یادتازہ ہوتی تھی۔انھوں نے اس مادی دور میں اپنے تمام بچوں کودینی مدارس میں تعلیم دلوائی۔
یہ دونوں بھائی بڑی خوبیوں کے مالک اور اعلیٰ انسانی اوصاف سے متصف تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔
[مارچ۱۹۸۴ء]
After the Incident of 9/11 Pakistan decided to become the ally of America and play an important role in fighting terrorism on both domestic and global fronts. This war has destroyed the peace of Pakistan and has affected the Economy of Pakistan desperately. The decision of Pakistani government to fight the so called war on terror with America only to get the financial and political support of America was clearly against the teachings of Islam. However, Pakistan did receive financial benefits in this war. The important development in the wake of 9/11 is that Pakistan became the biggest beneficiary of US economic aid in the South Asian region. Despite the GDP growth, foreign aid, foreign investment, better record of foreign exchange reserve, worker remittances and debt rescheduling Pakistan’s economy did not show the desired results. The change in the Pakistan’s economy during this period is not sustainable in economic term. Due to the war on terror law and order situation has become worst. At present Pakistan is facing most unique, difficult and gruesome faces of terrorism. In this situation fiscal policy in Islamic perspective is prerequisite for the peace and economic development of Pakistan.
Phosphorus deficiency is a serious threat to crop production around the globe. Plant species and even cultivars within species vary greatly in P efficiency. This variation in P efficiency is greatly influenced by different parameters, growth medium and environment. The basic knowledge of P efficiency mechanisms would be helpful for plant breeders to produce P efficient cultivars. The research project comprised of four separate experiments focusing on three major objectives i) study differential response of wheat genotypes under P stress; ii) compare P efficiency calculation methods; and iii) yield contributing parameters under P stress in glasshouse and in field conditions. Wheat genotypes were evaluated for total P, seeds phytate P fraction, various growth, physiological and yield related attributes in series of nutrient solution and soil culture experiments under wire house and field environments. First study (focussed on seeds total P and phytate P fractions) revealed that genotype Inqlab-91 had maximum total P in grains (8.9 mg g-1) and pre-green revolution genotypes accumulated low phytate P in seeds (averaged 1.8 mg g-1) as compared to post-green revolution genotypes (averaged 3.5 mg g-1). During second study, different classification methods/systems for selecting genotypes against P tolerance were compared. To accommodate more number of parameters according need and focus of the researcher a modified P efficiency calculation method was developed. In another study, we compared P efficiency in glasshouse and field conditions. There were significant variations in growth behavior of cultivars in glasshouse and field conditions. Highest P utilization efficiency under glasshouse condition was observed in cultivar Sandal (96.7%) while under field condition highest P utilization efficiency was observed in cultivar Inqilab-91 (86.4%). In last study, we compared different parameters and observed that parameters like grain yield, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, P uptake, tissue P concentration, number of productive tillers, spikelet per spike, grain weight, and harvest index were found responsible for P efficiency. As a whole, genotypes/cultivars Dirk, MaxiPak-65, Blue Silver, Chakwal-86, SH-02 and Darabi-11 were found efficient in P efficiency/tolerance and could be used in future farming while genotypes/cultivars Pari-73, Sandal-73, Wadanak-83, Iqbal-2000 and Seher-06 were found in-efficient in P efficiency. Genotype SH-02 was efficient in P acquisition and genotype Iqbal-2000 was in-efficient in P acquisition. This project will serve as base for plant breeders in selecting wheat genotypes by choosing suitable method of P efficiency calculation, growth medium and parameters responsible for P efficiency mechanisms.