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GIS based site selection for harnessing solar potential using analytical hierarchy process AHP technique in Gilgit Baltistan region

Thesis Info

Author

Saba Iqbal

Supervisor

Syeda Maria Ali

Department

Department of Environmental Sciences

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

41

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Other

MS 333.79 SAG

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676721860531

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باب ہفتم: نباتاتی وسائل کا مطالعہ

نباتات کا تعارف

نباتات سے مراد ہر وہ چیز ہے جو زمین میں اگتی ہے۔ انسان و حیوانات کے کھانوں اور رہائشوں میں نباتات کام میں آتے ہیں۔ جب حقائق پر گہرائی سے غور کیا جائے تو معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ نباتاتی وسائل فارمیسی کی بنیاد ہیں۔ نباتات کا لفظ نبات سے اخذ کیا گیا ہے۔ فیروزاللغات میں نبات کی لغوی معنی بیان کیاگیا ہے:

"روئیدگی۔ سبزہ۔ بوٹی۔ سبزی۔ ترکاری۔ "[1]

 زمین سے اگنے والی ہر چیز (پودا، گھاس، فصل) نبات کہلاتی ہے۔ "المنجد عربی اردو " میں نبات کے معنی درج ذیل ہیں:

"زمین سے جو کچھ اگے (پودایا بیل یا گھاس) "[2]

نبات کی جمع نباتا ت ہے۔ نباتات سے مراد پودے، درخت، سبزیاں، ترکاریاں ہیں۔

مولوی فیروز الدین کے الفاظ میں:

"نبات کی جمع پودے۔ سبزیاں۔ ترکاریاں۔ "[3]

امام راغب اصفہانی ؒ نباتات کے بارے میں رقمطراز ہیں:

"النَّبْتُ والنَّبَاتُ: ما يخرج من الأرض من النَّامِيات، سواء كان له ساق كالشجر، أو لم يكن له ساق كالنَّجْم، لكن اختَصَّ في التَّعارُف بما لا ساقَ له، بل قد اختصَّ عند العامَّة بما يأكله الحيوان"[4]

الموسوعۃ القرآنیۃ میں نباتات کی تعریف ہے:

" ما يخرج من الأرض من الناميات "[5]

پودوں سے مراد ایسی اشیاء ہیں جو زمین سے نکلتی ہیں یعنی زمین میں اگتی ہیں۔ ان پودوں کو عوام الناس میں خصوصی اہمیت حاصل ہے جن کو انسان و حیوانات خوراک کے طور پر استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

صاحب "لسان العرب" رقمطراز ہیں:

" كلُّ مَا أَنْبَتَ اللَّهُ فِي الأَرض، فَهُوَ نَبْتٌ؛ والنَّباتُ فِعْلُه،...

The Importance of Emerging Sciences & Technology in the Light of Quran & Prophetic Teachings

Science and technology is on top position contemporary now it is need of our masses to compare these formulas with holy Quran because Quran is miracle and implementable till the day of  Judge ment  lot of scientists have benefited by Quran and they also agree up on the excellence of Quran. Hence in this research we have to prove dominancy of Quran over on the science and technology the hints of new inventions and discoveries are available in Quran if we study the Quran deeply we will find in it complete agreement with modern science however it was revealed in that time people were not aware from scientific inventions and they have not know-how of it. Comparatively this time is well advanced period and lot of things invented while concept of these things was present in this sky book I have drawn intention of readers on these points. In this research I would discussed that importance of science and technology specially the sub subjects of the modern science math and statistics geology, astronomy, space sciences, Embryology, Genetics and computer technology. It should be remember that the exposition of this book is also two types scientifically and logically because Quran invites us towards intelligence and wisdom.   It is responsibility of scholars to interpret the Quran contemporary because this is not merely ancient book but it is for all times and not for Arabs but for guide line of whole humanity of entire universe. It is challenges itself that no any kind of error or mistake in it foes of Islam tried to find faults but they not succeeded to do so resulting they affirmed dignity of it over on all the books.

Polymorphism Analysis of Protooncogene Mdm2 in Thyroid Cancer

The most common endocrine carcinoma is Thyroid cancer and it is the fastest growing cancer worldwide. Thyroid cancer is of four major types including papillary, follicular, anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancer. Among all the types of thyroid cancers papillary thyroid cancer has been increased worldwide, followed by follicular, medullar and anaplastic subtypes. Since the past 40 years the increase in the rate of thyroid cancer incidence has been alarming. During 1974?2013, there were 79,409 thyroid cancer cases diagnosed; 77,276 (97%) were eligible for the analysis. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounted for 84% of cases and follicular thyroid cancer for 11%. MDM2 proto-oncogene is very important in cell cycle proliferation and mutations in the MDM2 gene have been reported but the significant impacts of these mutations are limited. One of the mutations in MDM2 include cysteine 305 to tyrosine (C305Y) which results in the production of a protein that maintained the ability to bind and ubiquitinate p53 but failed to promote its degradation. MDM2 gene polymorphisms in association with thyroid cancer are still under studies, it may open the future grounds for the diagnosis and treatment of TC. In order to discover the relationship of the SNP309 MDM2 polymorphism with the destruction of the thyroid gland in the Pakistani population, the flow of reflux and flow included two meetings which were the patients and the controls; 120 patients had thyroid problems, hyperthyroidism with a mean period of 61.3 ? 5.50 years 87 (72.5%) men and 70 controls. The genotype and allele frequencies of the T / G rs2279744 polymorphisms are determined in patients with hyperthyroidism. There were significant differences between thyroid cases and sound controls for genotypic frequencies concerning the MDM2 polymorphism rs2279744. The wild type TT genotype was observed in 37 (30.83%) of patients, while 69 (57.50%) were heterozygous (TG) and 14 (11.67%) were homozygous for the abnormal genotype (GG) .In the control group, the frequencies of genotypes were 84.2% for TT, 11.42% for TG and 4.28% for GG.