مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی کی ادبی خدمات
مولوی فیروز الدین(۱۸۶۴ء۔۱۹۰۷ء) سیالکوٹ کے شہر ڈسکہ میں پیداہوئے۔ ان کی شاعری کے ساتھ ساتھ نثری ودینی ادب میں بھی نمایاں خدمات ہیں۔نثر میں وہ بہترین سوانح نگاروں میں شامل ہیں۔ سوانح نگاری کی صنف باقی اصنافِ نثر کے مقابلے میں اپنے ماحول اور اس کے رحجانات کی عکاسی زیادہ بہتر انداز میں کرتی ہے۔ اُردو میں سوانح نگاری کا آغاز عہد سر سید سے ہوتا ہے۔سرسید کا دور مذہبی مناظر ے اور بحث و مباحثے کا دور ہے لہٰذا اس دور کی سوانح عمریاں اپنے عہدکی عکاس ہیں۔اس دور کے مشہور سوانح نگاروں میں مرزا حیرت دہلوی، احمد حسن خان، عبدالحلیم شرر، منشی محمد الدین فوق، مولوی احمد دین ،احمد حسین الہٰ آباد، مولوی ذکاء اللہ ، سراجدین احمد ،نذیر احمد ،قاضی سلیمان ،عبدالرزاق کانپوری اور مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی اہم ہیں۔
مولوی فیروز الدین متعدد دینی و ادبی کتب کے مصنف ہیں ۔فضائل اسلام فی ذکر خیر الانام المعروف سیرت النبیؐ یا تاریخ نبویؐ مولوی فیروز الدین کی پہلی باقاعدہ تالیف ہے۔ اس کتاب کا پہلا ایڈیشن مفید عام پریس لاہور سے 1886ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ’’نماز اور اس کی حقیقت‘‘ان کی اہم تالیف ہے جو منشی فیض علی نے پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے ۱۸۹۰ ء میں شائع کی۔ ’’تفسیر فیروزی پارہ اول‘‘1890ء میں سیالکوٹ مفید عام پریس سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تکذیب و ید‘‘1890ء میں پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تصدیق الا لہام‘‘ ان کی مناظراتی تصنیف ہے۔ جو 1890ء میں پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے طبع ہوئی۔’’ دعائے گنج العرش و تعویز گنج العرش‘‘1891ء میں شائع ہوئی۔’’عشرہ کاملہ‘‘1891ء میں مفید عام پریس سیالکوٹ سے شائع ہو ئی۔’’سورت رحمن کی نادر تفسیر‘‘مولوی صاحب کی اہم تصنیف ہے۔ جو 1892ء میں مطبع مفید عام پریس سیالکوٹ سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’اسم اعظم ‘‘مولانا موصوف کی کتاب ہے جس میں...
Establishment of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard means supremacy of the dictates of shari‘ah and socio-political justice on earth. This is one of the basic objectives and prominent messages of the Holy Quran and Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w). About khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard the Holy Quran expresses as: -وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُم فِي الأَرْضِ … -الَّذِينَ إِن مَّكَّنَّاهُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ أَقَامُوا الصَّلاَةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَمَرُوا بِالمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَوْا عَنِ المُنكَرِ وَلِلَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الأُمُورِ. -هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) proclaims: - وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ وَضَعُوا الشَّمْسَ فِي يَمِينِي وَالْقَمَرَ فِي يَسَارِي عَلَى أَنْ أَتْرُكَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ حَتَّى يُظْهِرَهُ اللَّهُ أَوْ أَهْلِكَ فِيهِ مَا تَرَكْتُهُ. The Holy Quran and the Seerah refer to some underlying milestones on the way of religious nations to status of khalafah and tamkeen fin ‘ard. These milestones may be expressed in an order as: da‘wah [preaching], deen [practices of prophetic teachings], hijrah [migration], ma‘iyyat-ul-Allah [companionship of Allah], qital [wars], nusrat-ul-Allah [divine aid], izhar-ud-deen [domination of deen] and khilafah [inheritance of authority]. This is noteworthy that journey of khalafah and tamkeen fin ‘ard begins with da‘wah [preaching towards deen] and passing through various milestones ends up again at da‘wah, as obvious from ayat-ul-istakhlaf quoted above. Therefore, the seekers of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard should strive hard and keep struggling with the work of da‘wah with dedication in all circumstances and all means as per time and place requirements in lined with the modus operandi of Prophets, particularly Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w), instead of awaiting the status of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard as prerequisite to start with the work of da‘wah and establishment of deen. This paper primarily aims to elaborate the milestones of Muslim Ummah to reach to the status of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard. It also cast light on the objectives of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard. This work provides useful guidance to Muslim Ummah in general and Ahlud da‘wah in particular about milestones and objectives of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard.
The present study was planned under the project “Development and Application of Decision Support Tools to Conserve and Sustainably Use Genetic Diversity in Indigenous Livestock and Wild Relatives” funded by UNEP-GEF-ILRI-FAnGR (United Nations Environment Programme-Global Environment Facility-International Livestock Research Institute-Farm Animal Genetic Resources) to study the production systems along with phenotypic and genetic characterization of the nine chicken populations in six randomly selected villages within two agro-ecological zones (Site-I; sandy desert and Site-II; irrigated plains) of Punjab province involving participatory rural appraisals, household surveys and in-depth monitoring tools. Information collected through Participatory Rural Appraisals showed that the main purpose of chicken keeping was home consumption and family income. Preferred chicken breeds among moderate and poor farmers were Fayoumi (FYM), Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Desi and were kept for egg production while Aseel (ASL) was the choice of well off and kept for prestige or hobby. Egg production, size of egg and plumage color was the traits preferred for FYM and RIR, broodiness, mothering ability, disease resistance and taste of meat for Desi and Naked Neck (NNK) while aggressiveness and body stature were highly ranked for ASL. Household surveys showed that most of the farm activities were headed by the household head yet women were involved in all farm activities generally and in chicken keeping particularly at both sites. More number of farmers was involved in chicken keeping at Site-I as compared to Site-II. Semi-intensive chicken production system with free range during day time and confined under shed at night with birds fed on household grains along with scavenging was reported in majority of the cases throughout the year. Average prices of birds were higher at Site-II and were highest for ASL. Health coverage was poor at both sites with most of the farmers treating birds at the help of their own or with neighbors and friends. There was almost absence of any formal training from any NGO or any government department. Sources of information about chicken related issues were poor. Chicken and eggs were marketed at farm gate, village markets or to neighbors and income obtained from extra sale of chicken and eggs was mostly kept by women, followed by household heads. Indepth monitoring revealed higher number of laying hens than other age classes among flocks. The disease was major reason for exit and bird entries were mainly through household hatched hatch and purchase. Most of the birds at both sites were multi colored or brown in plumage with undefined feather pattern. Body weights and linear measurements were higher for ASL and birds at Site-I than those at Site II. Genetic characterization of nine chicken populations viz, ASL; NNK; FYM; RIR; FRR (FYM x RIR); FRA (FYM x RIR x ASL); FRU (FYM x RIR x unknown); OLD (other local Desi) and OCB (other crossbred) using 20 microsatellite markers were found to be polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus within chicken populations ranged from 2 to 14 with an average of 9.6 alleles per locus. Structure and Principal Coordinate Analysis was clustered into two distinct groups with two maternal lineages distributed among the nine populations. These results indicated that although these nine chicken populations have already been intermixed up to some extent yet most of them were genetically different enough to be considered as separate breeds or genetic groups.