سیرت طیبہ کی تشریعیاتی حیثیت کا تحقیقی و تاریخی مطالعہ A Research review of the legislative Status of the Sirah of Holy Prophet ﷺ

The deeds and actions of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is a practical interpretation of the Holy Qur'an. Allah Almighty has stated his Shari'ah in short but comprehensive words that “take what the Holy Prophet ﷺ has given you and which you forbid”. Therefore, his command is the command of Allah Almighty and not yours. That is why the Holy Qur'an has declared his obedience to be the obedience of Allah Almighty. And from the instructions of the selected scholars of the ummah, it is clear that the legislative status of The Sirah is authenticated. Allah Almighty has given him a special position of Shariah. As for the legislative status of Sira-e-Taiba, both the special and the general legislation are specific or special to him. Special legislation etc i.e. you have legislated for a specific person at certain times like accepting the condition of a person that he will convert to Islam if he prays only two prayers. The other person cannot join. The general legislation in which you have enacted all kinds of legislation for the common ummah is included. The center and axis of Islamic law is your caste. You have complete control over the status and sanctity, likes and dislikes as you like, for whom you can make Shariah whenever you want. It is as if you are a follower of the Shari'ah. He also has full authority in the brief description of the Qur'an, in the adherence to the Absolute, and the explanation of similarities. You are authorized to legislate as a Shari'ah and Shari'ah in all areas of worship, affairs, debates, and crimes. Therefore, in this article, the legislative status of His Sira-e-Taiba has been explained in the light of Qur'an and Hadith, Sahabah and Tabi'een, and the commandments of Imams and jurists.

Development of an Indigenized Solar Distillery for Value Addition of Medicinal Plants

of solar energy for cooking and steam generation is quite common around the world. However, the use of solar energy for the extraction of essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants has recently been explored and the research is still in progress for its effective utilization. This study focuses on essential oils extraction using a newly designed solar distillation system. The devised system consists of a primary reflector (Scheffler concentrator), steam receiver, distillation still, condenser and a florentine flask to specifically enable extraction of essential oils from agricultural biomass and medicinal plants. An auxiliary biomass based boiler has also been coupled with the solar distillation unit to complement the devised distillation system during adverse weather conditions or seasonal climatic variations in developing countries. The pattern of steam flow and temperature distribution in the distillation still was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique for design purpose. The results of CFD simulations showed uniformity in steam distribution inside the still which is necessary to get maximum oil extraction from the exposed plant material. Mathematical modeling was used to predict energy distribution at different parts of solar distillation system. Various experiments were conducted to determine the performance of the solar distillation system. The experimental results showed that essential oils produced from fresh Eucalyptus leaves (Camaldulensis), Peppermint leaves (Mentha peperita L.) and Citrus peels (Reticulata) were found to be 0.59% w/w, 0.40% w/w and 0.51% w/w on mass basis, respectively. The essential oil from Pinus (Roxburghii) was also extracted using a biomass boiler yielding 0.31% w/w of essential oil on mass basis. GC-MS analysis of the extracted essential oils confirmed the presence of Eucalyptol (50.9%), Menthol (92.99%), Limonene (85.57%) and α-Pinene (70.88%) as the major compounds in Eucalyptus (Camaldulensis), Peppermint (Mentha Peperita L.), Citrus peels (Reticulata) and Pinus (Roxburghii) essential oils respectively. The payback period of solar distillation system was found to be 0.5 years. In summary, solar-based distillation has proven to be a cost effective way of extracting essential oils from agricultural biomass, medicinal plants and herbs. Keywords: Solar distillation system, essential oils, medicinal plants, biomass boiler, CFD simulations and GC-MS analysis