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Unsteady stagnation-point flow

Thesis Info

Author

Haider,Muhammad Usman

Supervisor

Nasir Ali

Department

Department of Mathematics & Statistics

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

42

Subject

Media and Communication Studies

Language

English

Other

MS 519.23 HAU

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721891258

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سپ تے فقیر

سپ تے فقیر

کسے پنڈ وچ اک فقیر رہندا سی۔ بہت غریب سی، اوہدا تے اوہدے گھر والی دا گزارہ خیرات والیاں چیزاں اتے ای ہوندا سی۔ اک دن اوہناں کول کھاون لئی کجھ وی نئیں سی۔ ایس لئی اوہ سویرے سویرے ای بھیک منگن ٹر پیا۔ فقیر کول اک کپڑے دا تھیلہ سی جس وچ اوس نے اک لوٹا تے اک کجہ رکھیا ہویا سی۔ کجے وچ وی اوہ لوکاں ولوں ملیا سالن پاندا تے لوٹے وچ پانی پا کے ضرورت ویلے پیندا سی۔ ہتھ وچ اوہ ہمیشہ سوٹی رکھدا سی۔ رستے وچ جاندے ہویاں اوس نوں اک سپ نظر آیا۔ اوس نے بہت تیزی نال سپ نوں کجے وچ بند کیتا۔ اوس دا منہ کپڑے نال بند کر کے اپنی بیوی نوں دے دتا۔ اوس نوں یقین سی کہ جدوں اوہدی بیوی کجہ کھولے گی تاں سپ اوس نوں ڈنگ مارے گا تے انج اوہ مر جاوے گی۔ جدوں اوس دی بیوی نے کجے دا منہ کھولیا تاں اوس نوں اندروں اک بہت قیمتی ہار ملیا۔ ایہہ ویکھ کے دونویں بہت حیران ہوئے۔

ایس خوبصورت ہار دی شہرت جدوں شہزادی تائیں اپڑی تاں اوس نے ہار ویکھن دی خواہش دا اظہار کیتا۔ ہار ویکھ کے شہزادی نے اوہناں نوں منہ منگے پیسے دے کے ہار خرید لیا۔ شہزادی ہار خرید کے بہت خوش سی۔ اک دن اوس ہار اپنے میز اتے رکھیا تے آپ کسے کم محل توں باہر چلے گئی۔ واپس آئی تاں اوس نوں حیرت ہوئی کہ میز اتے ہار نئیں بلکہ اک سوہنا جیہا بال منہ وچ انگوٹھا پا کے ستا ہویا اے۔ پہلاں تاں شہزادی بہت ڈری۔ وزیر نے آکھیا کہ تہاڈا ہار جادو دا ہار سی۔ دراصل اوہ ایہو بچہ سی جس نوں ظالم جادوگر نے ہار بنا دتا سی۔ ہن ایہہ دوبارہ اپنی...

المشترك الإنساني بين الأديان والثقافات والحضارات: دراسة في ضوء قيم التعايش والتسامح والتساكن

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع الحوار والتواصل الحضاري ودوره في التأسيس لثقافة العيش المشترك في عالم متعدد الأديان والثقافات والحضارات، ونطمح من خلال ذلك إلى التأكيد على مشروعية دعوى الحوار والتعارف الحضاريين حتى وإن كنا في زمن يعج بالحروب ذات الخلفية الدينية والسياسية، فالسبيل الوحيد للعيش المشترك إنما يكمن في الحوار والتواصل لفهم الآخر والتفاهم معه. غير أن تفاؤلنا بنجاح الحوار بين الحضارات والثقافات، لا يمكن أن يجعلنا نغفل عن الصعوبات الواقعية العديدة التي تعترضه، خاصة تلك النزعة المتنامية للحرب بشتى أنواعها والهوس المفرط بالتسلح والنظرة الخاطئة للآخر. وعليه فإن الحوار والتواصل الحضاري يتطلب مزيدا من العمل الفكري والميداني من قبل الباحثين لتوسيع ظاهرة الإعتدال والتسامح في العالم، ويحتاج إلى الدبلوماسية الثقافية الموازية أو ما يسمى ب: "ثقافة نشر السلام"، وكثيرا من الجرأة في اتخاذ المواقف والقرارات من طرف الطبقة السياسية الحاكمة.

Synthesis, Characterization and Structural Determination of Some Transition Metal Fluoride Chelates

Nitrogen donor ligands have been found to cause d-block metal fluorides to dissolve in water ethanol and methanol. From some of these solutions metal fluoride hydrate complexes were isolated. The work had been concentrated on fluorides of metals that have a role in enzymes; copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt. A large number of fluoride complexes have been made and some of them produced crystals suitable for the X-ray analysis. The X-ray and infrared studies indicated that the structures were stabilized by extensive fluoride hydrogen bonding interactions involving ligand or lattice molecules. In some fluoride complexes, the fluoride hydrogen bonds were very strong. The X-ray structure determination of [Ni(im)6]F2.5H2O (1a) (im = imidazole) revealed the presence of octahedral configuration around nickel. This complex presents a rare example of a complex with lattice water hydrogen bonded to lattice fluoride. Both the intra and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds were observed in the structure of [Ni(im)6]F2.5H2O (1a). The lattice fluorides are connected by short hydrogen bonds to lattice waters. Moreover intra-molecular hydrogen bonds connect the lattice water to -NH group of imidazole. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between lattice fluoride and -NH group of imidazole and between lattice water of one molecule and lattice fluoride of other molecule also exists and stabilizes the crystal. In [Ni(dmen)2F2].8H2O (1b) (dmen = 1,1,N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine) nickel has some what distorted octahedral geometry, in which it is coordinated to two fluorides and two 1,1,N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine ligands (dmen). The fluoride ligands are trans to each other and occupy axial positions. This is an example of molecular complex. xi The two hydrogen bonds of apical fluorides are R(F---O) = 2.6104(11) and 2.6798(12) Å which are among the short F---H-O hydrogen bonds between lattice water and fluoride ligand in a neutral complex. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of [Co(im)6]SiF6 (2a) (im = imidazole) provided a rare example of complex where SiF62- ion present as counter ion. SiF62- indicates regular octahedral geometry with all F-Si-F bond angles of 90.82(4) and 89.18(3)°. Each fluoride ion of hexafluorosilicate moiety is hydrogen bonded to two nitrogen atoms of coordinated imidazole with N-H---F = 2.9345(12) Å. The SiF62- anion join [Co(im)6]2+ cations through hydrogen bonds forming infinitely extended chains. A complex of cobalt and 1,10-phenanthroline [Co(phen)3]F2.2H2O (2c) was prepared. The X-ray analysis revealed weak hydrogen bonds between lattice fluoride and lattice waters. There are also strong hydrogen bonds between lattice waters with R(O2---O1) = 2.780(2) Å. This distance is significantly shorter than sum of their Vander Waal’s radii (3.04 Å). The crystal structure of [Co(bpy)2(CO)3]F.8H2O (2d) (bpy = 2,2 ́-bipyridine) showed that the cobalt has distorted octahedral environment. The complex has been synthesized without adding any carbonate. The source of carbonate could be air CO2, dissolved and get trapped in lattice during slow evaporation. O-H---O and O-H---F hydrogen bonds generate a one dimensional chain. The R (O---F) bond length in this complex is within the range of short lattice fluoride lattice water hydrogen bond distances. Two isostructural complexes [Co(dmen)2F2].2H2O (2b) and [Zn(dmen)2F2].2H2O (3) (dmen = 1,1,N,N-dimethylethan-1,2-diamine) were prepared. Their X-ray analysis revealed that coordinated fluorides occupied apical positions in both complexes. Lattice waters are strongly hydrogen bonded to apical fluorides. These F---HOH hydrogen bonds extend through the lattice and stabilize the complex. A relatively weak intramolecular hydrogen bond exists between axial fluorides and -NH groups. The linear chain complex [Cu(isna)4SiF6].9H2O (4) (isna = isonicotinamide) was prepared by reacting copper fluoride in methanol water mixture with isonicotinamide (isna). The X-ray structure of the complex [Cu(isna)4SiF6].9H2O (4) revealed the presence of chains built up by [Cu(isna)4]2+ and SiF62- ions, attached to each other via Cu-F-Si bonds. The coordination geometry around the copper is tetragonally distorted octahedral. The two axial copper to fluoride bonds are slightly elongated due to John Teller’ s distortion in octahedral Cu(II) complexes. Geometry around SiF62- is almost regular octahedral. Each fluoride of coordinated SiF62- is hydrogen bonded to two ring nitrogen atoms belonging to ligand isonicotinamide with R(N--- F) = 2.838(3) Å. Water molecule O(2) in lattice form four hydrogen bonds in tetrahedral geometry, one with amide nitrogen, second with carbonyl oxygen and two with water molecules.