نیل کے سنگ ‘‘پر ایک نظر
ایڈوکیٹ بشیر مراد
آزاد کشمیر
شاعری کے لیے کچھ نہیں کرنا پڑتا یہ کھڑے کھڑے ہو جاتی ہے۔ بعض اوقات تو سوئے سوئے بھی سر زد ہو جاتی ہے کہ اس کا تعلق آمد سے ہے جس کے لیے جامد ہونے کی قطعاً ضرورت نہیں۔ لیکن نثر کا معاملہ الگ ہے۔ اس کے لیے باقاعدہ اکڑوں ہو کے بیٹھنا پڑتا ہے۔ یعنی یہ وہ ریاضت ہے جو حالت رکوع میں کی جاتی ہے۔
نثری اصناف میں سفر نامہ تو اور بھی جوکھم کا کام ہے کہ اس کی طلب میں سفر بھی کرنا پڑتا ہے جو بسا اوقات انگریزی کا Suffer ثابت ہوتا ہے۔ گویا یہ ادب کی ایسی صنفِ گراں بار ہے جس کو صنفِ نازک کی طرح قابو کرنا آسان نہیں ہوتا۔ اس کے حصول کے لیے شدید مارا ماری اور بے تحاشا جتن کرنے پڑتے ہیں۔ پہلے سفر کرنے کا سلیقہ اور پھر اسے بیان کرنے کا قرینہ ہونا چاہیے۔
ہمارے دوست ڈاکٹر یوسف میر کی محبت کہ ڈاکٹر الطاف یوسف زئی کا مصری سفر نامہ ارسال کیا۔ مشاہدہ عام ہے کہ یوسف نام کے لوگ خوب صورت ہوتے ہیں۔ پھر بندہ ذات کا بھی یوسف زئی ہو اور مصر سے محبت نہ ہو یہ کیسے ممکن ہے۔ پس یہ طے ہے کہ یہ سفر نامہ سراسر فطری محبت کا شاخسانہ ہے۔ اگر یقین نہ آئے تو پڑھ کر دیکھ لیجیے۔
کچھ سفر نامے تو محض سفر کی صعوبت برادشت کرنے کی خاطر لکھے جاتے ہیں جن کے پڑھنے سے قاری کو بھی شدید تھکاوٹ ہوتی ہے۔ اس قبیل کے سفر نامے یوں شروع ہوتے ہیں۔
’’میں صبح سویرے جاگا ،...
Performance is the work result in quality and quantity achieved by employees in carrying out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to them. The role of reliable and professional employees is very helpful in improving organizational performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Work Engagement and Quality of Work Life with the Performance of Nurses in Inpatient Services in Makassar City Hospital. This type of research is a quantitative study using an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. Sampling using stratified random sampling so that the sample in this study were nurses in the inpatient installation of Makassar City Hospital, totaling 167 respondents. The results showed that there is a relationship between Work Engagement based on the Vigor dimension, the Dedication dimension, the absorption dimension, and the nurse's performance. There is a relationship between Quality of Work Life and the performance of nurses in Makassar City Hospital. It is recommended that hospital management keep paying attention to work engagement, especially the Vigor dimension in order to increase the morale of nurses. Leaders need to know what their employees need so that employees can work according to organizational expectations, one of which is by providing motivation. Implementing a culture of health in the work environment so as to create a safe working atmosphere, developing career path plans for nurses, and internalizing the values of good work culture to maintain a sense of pride in the institution.
A series of experiments were conducted at Research Area of Student’s Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam during 1989-1990 and 1990-1991. The experiments were laidout in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement consisting four replications. The soil of the experimental area was clay loam in texture, non-saline in nature, slightly alkaline in reaction (pH= 8.1-8.3), low in organic matter (0.58-0.54%) and poor in available phosphorus (3.00-3.50 mg kg -1 ). The experiment included crop sequences (C1 = wheat-soybean-wheat and C2 =cotton-berseem-cotton). Fertilizer levels for cotton and wheat were 50, 100 and 150 N kg ha -- - 11 1 . The P was applied in the form of DAP uniformly to all the treatments. The findings of study revealed that wheat planted after legumes produced taller plants (77.25 cm), more tillers (4.56), longer spikes (8.99 cm), higher spikelets per spike ( 17.80), more grains per spike (44.93), heavier seed index (35.21 g), better biological yield (6470.33 kg ha -1 ), maximum harvest index (42.14%), rich in grain protein (11.64%), increased leaf area index (4.20m 2 ), accumulated more dry matter (7244 kg ha -1 ), and satisfactory grain yield (2763.33 kg ha -1 ) and higher N uptake (119.26 kg ha -1 ). The increased level of fertilizer at 150 N kg ha -1 progressively increased wheat plant height (72.62 cm), tiller production per plant (4.60), spike length (9.24 cm), spikelets per spike (17.31), number of grains per spike (44.14), seed index (36.98g), biological yield (7235.50kg ha -1 ), harvest index 44.18%), grain protein content (10.091%), leaf area index (4.80m 2 ) , grain yield (3198.19 kg ha -1 ) and N uptake (14.01 kg ha -1 ). Most of the yields contributing parameters were positively correlated with grain yield. The coefficient of determination for tillers per plant (44%), spike length (59%), grain per spike (43%), seed index (63%) and harvest index (76%) signifies that the total variation in grain yield was due to increase in these characters. Cotton, when the crop was sown after legume, it produced tall plants (99.41 cm), higher production of monopodia per plant (2.68), sympodia per plant (14.10), more bolls per plant (24.83), greater picked bolls per plant (21.04), heavier seed index (6.83 g), maximum GOT (34.47%), better staple length (28.83mm), higher oil content ( 22.87% ), higher dry matter (3303.00 kg ha -1 ) superior seed cotton yield (2428 kg ha -1 ) and N uptake increased upto 91.17 kg ha -1 . The incorporation of NP xiiifertilizer significantly affected crop parameters. Among the tested fertilizer regimes 150 N kg ha -1 recorded maximum plant height (102.63 cm), monopodia per plant (2.61), sympodia per plant (13.70), bolls per plant (26.40), picked bolls per plant (21.73), seed index (6.83g), GOT (34.57%), staple length (28.65mm), oil content (23.10%), dry matter (3955.50 kg ha -1 ), seed cotton yield (2538.25 kg ha -1 ) and N uptake (113.43 kg ha -1 ). The coefficient of determination for sympodial branches (75%), number of bolls (81%), number of picked bolls (70%), seed index (80%) accounted for total variation in seed cotton yield due to these characters. It is concluded that nitrogen fertilizer is essential nutrient for achieving satisfactory crop yield. The increased soil productivity and fertility for crop production could be obtained by the inclusion of leguminous crop at least once in a two year cropping sequence, because leguminous crops enrich soil fertility by fixing environmental nitrogen in their root nodules, which in turn supply residual food nutrients to the succeeding crop. Thus, it is recommended that (i) continuous cropping in the sequence of wheat-cotton be avoided, (ii) the higher yields of cotton and wheat could be achieved in the farming system which includes legumes in crop rotation, (iii) the application of 150 N kg ha -1 gave better results as compared to 50 and 100 kg N ha -1 application and (iv) the use of in-organic nitrogenous fertilizers could be minimized by including legume crops in the crop sequence.