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Perception of youth towards news channels

Thesis Info

Author

Tanzila BiBi

Supervisor

Ayesha Sadaf

Department

Department of Media and Communication Studies

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

45

Subject

Media and Communication Studies

Language

English

Other

MA/MSc 302.230835 TAP

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721934213

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افضل ذکر( کلمہ شریف)

افضل ذکر (کلمہ شریف)

اس کلمے دے راز نرالے نیں
اس ہر دے دُکھڑے ٹالے نیں
سانوں دسیا طیبہ والے نیں
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ
ایہہ کلمہ نور الٰہی دا !
نالے سوہنے مدنی ماہی دا
سانوں ہر دم پڑھنا چاہی دا
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ
جیہڑے کلمے دا وِرد پکاندے نیں
وچ دنیا خوش خوش راہندے نیں
نالے جنتیں ڈیرا لاندے نیں
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ
کھچ کلمے دی ضرب اُلاویں توں
بن پیتیاں مست ہو جاویں توں
نالے درشن یار دا پاویں توں
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ

کر کلمے نال پیار میاں
وچ مشکلاں ایہہ غمخوار میاں
دیوے بیڑا پار اُتار میاں
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ
پڑھ کلمہ سیاں بولدیاں
نالے اکھیاں تھیں اَتھرو ڈولدیاں
سب صفتاں عربی ڈھول دیاں
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ
پڑھ کلمہ شکر منائی جاء
ایہہ گیت توحید دا گائی جاء
سوہنے یار نوں اینج منائی جاء
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ
پڑھ کلمہ حافظ زور دے نال
ہن چھڈ دے سارے برے خیال
تیرا ساتھی کلمہ رہے اقبال
پڑھ لَااِلٰہَ اِلَّاللہ مُحَمَّدُ الرَّسُوْلُ اللہ

فلاحی ریاست میں اقلیتوں کے حقوق کی پاسداری: ریاست مدینہ کے تناظر میں

Islam is religion of humanity that wants us to behave good to others and has nothing to negate the rights of others. Minorities also have their legal rights in a welfare society, which makes itself an examplary society. Islam is a religion that negates violence. The rights of minorities can be traced in islamic society by many saying of Holy Prophet ﷺ. Holy Prophet ﷺ always advised muslims to treat the minorities kindly. Whatever the deligation of minorities came, Prophet ﷺ hosted himself. In the same way, when a deligation came from Najran, Prophet ﷺ not only hosted but allowed them to worship in Masjid al Nabi according to their own religion. In the light of ordinance of Prophet ﷺ, even fourteen centuries have passed but minorities are being given their rights. According to the law and order of a welfare state, minorities must be given their rights. In this article, the rights of minorities in a welfare state are tried to discuss.

Laser Ablation Studies of Metal Alloys Using Libs and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Laser ablation is a versatile technique used for the investigations of technological advanced and industrially important materials. In this technique, the interaction of a short and intense laser pulse forms a plasma plume. The laser produced plasma plume consists of radiation which arises due to transitions of electrons from the excited states of atoms and ions. The aim of this thesis is the fabrication of the laser ablation time of flight mass spectrometer (LA-TOF-MS) with an improved resolution and to compare the compositional results of mass spectra from LA-TOF-MS with the emission spectra obtained from laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The compositional analysis using calibration free (CF-LIBS) techniques is based on the observed emission spectra of the laser produced plasma plume whereas, the elemental composition analysis using laser ablation time of flight mass spectrometer (LA TOFMS) is based on the mass spectra of the ions produced by laser ablation. We have successfully designed and locally fabricated an improved version of the laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LA-TOF-MS) for isotope mass analysis and elemental analysis of materials. This system is coupled with a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser, which is capable of delivering the energy of about 850 mJ at 1064 nm and 500 mJ at 532 nm. The resolution of system has been improved by adjusting spatial and space focusing, and optimizing other parameters. The capability of the system has been exploited by the isotopic analysis and compositional analysis of different alloy samples, having certified composition. The laser ablation time of flight mass spectrometer complementary with Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy has xxi been used for the quantitative determination of constituents of certified samples; different Karats of gold (18K, 19K, 20K, 22K, 24K), Brass alloy (Cu 62%, Zn 38%) and Cu-Ni Alloy (75% Cu, 25% Ni). Moreover, the samples with the unknown compositions such as different brands of the cigarette available in Pakistan have also been investigated using LIBS and LA-TOF-MS techniques. Initially five Karats of gold alloys, 18K, 19K, 20K, 22K and 24K having certified composition of gold as 75%, 79%, 85%, 93% and 99.99% were selected and their precise elemental compositions were determined by LIBS and LA-TOF-MS. Here internal reference line self-absorption correction laser induce breakdown spectroscopy (IRSAC-LIBS) technique have been utilized for the quantitative determination of constituents present in different Karats. Elemental compositions of these gold alloys were also determined using a Laser Ablation time of flight mass spectrometer (LA-TOF-MS). The quantitative analysis of brass alloy has been studied using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Laser Ablation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LA-TOF-MS). The emission lines of copper (Cu I) and zinc (Zn I) are used to calculate the plasma parameters. Here we have compared the elemental composition obtained by SCF-LIBS and IRSAC-LIBS with LA-TOF-MS and EDX. After utilizing SCF-LIBS and IRSAC-LIBS for quantitative analysis, we have compared the composition for Cu-Ni alloy using three calibration free LIBS techniques other than IRSAC-LIBS, and also compared the results with laser ablation LA-TOF-MS. For the quantitative determination of constituents of Cu-Ni Alloy (Pakistani five rupee coin of year 2004) of known composition (Cu 75%, Ni 25%), we have utilized one line calibrations-free (OL-CF xxii LIBS), self-calibration free (SCF-LIBS), and algorithm based calibration free (AB-CF LIBS) techniques. Results obtained by these LIBS based techniques have also been compared with LA-TOF-MS. The samples of fourteen different brands of cigarettes available in Pakistan have also been analyzed using the above mentioned techniques. We have also performed compositional analysis of the trace elements in different brands of tobacco available in Pakistan using one line calibration free (OLCF-LIBS) and Laser ablation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (LA-TOFMS). The results obtained by (CF-LIBS) are comparable with (LA-TOF-MS). The compositional results obtained by OL-CF-LIBS, SCF-LIBS, IRSAC-LIBS and algorithm based AB-CF LIBS are in agreement with that of LA-TOF-MS and other standard techniques. The analysis of different industrial important alloys and different brands of cigarettes demonstrates that LIBS complemented with LA-TOF-MS are powerful techniques for the elemental analysis of the major and trace elements in any solid samples.