آہ! پروفیسر مختار الدین احمد آرزو مرحوم
دارالمصنفین اور دنیائے علم و تحقیق کے لیے یہ خبر بڑی اندوہ ناک رہی کہ ۳۰؍ جون ۲۰۱۰ء کو مشہور محقق، مدون اور عالم پروفیسر مختارالدین احمد آرزو نے اس جہاں فانی کو الوداع کہا، اِناﷲ وَاِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔
وہ اس بزم دوشیں کے گویا آخری رکن تھے جس میں ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی، امتیاز علی عرشی اور مالک رام جیسے اہم نام شامل ہیں، ۱۴؍ نومبر ۱۹۲۴ء میں ان کی زندگی کا سفر پٹنہ سے شروع ہوا جس کی آخری منزل علی گڑھ کی سرزمین قرار پائی، عمر بھر کی بے قراری کے لیے قرار یہیں مقدر تھا۔ ان کے والد مولانا ظفر الدین قادری خود جید عالم اور صاحب تصانیف کثیرہ اور مولانا احمد رضا خاں بریلوی کے شاگرد رشید تھے، سلسلہ نسب شیخ عبدالقادرر جیلانی تک پہنچتا ہے، اجداد میں سید ابراہیم نامی بزرگ، سلطان فیروز شاہ تغلق کے عہد میں ہندوستان آئے اور سپہ گری میں نمایاں حیثیت حاصل کی، بزرگوں کی اعلیٰ روایات کی پاسبانی نسل در نسل ہوتی رہی، نانہال بہار کی مشہور اور نیک نام بستی استھانواں میں تھا، پہلا نام غلام معین الدین رکھا گیا لیکن بعد میں وہ مختارالدین احمد ہوئے، والدہ کی آرزو تھی کہ بیٹا جامعہ ازہر تک جائے، یہ آرزو عالمی جنگ کی وجہ سے پوری نہ ہوئی لیکن علم و تحقیق کی طلب میں وہ خود مکمل آرزو بن گئے۔
والد بزرگوار سے تعلیم کا سلسلہ شروع ہوا جو شمس الہدیٰ سے ہوتا ہوا مدرسہ بورڈ کے فاضل حدیث کی سند تک دراز ہوا، لیکن طلب علم کی آرزو کے لیے یہ کافی نہیں تھا، انھوں نے جدید تعلیم کے لیے مسلم یونیورسٹی کا رخ کیا، ڈاکٹریٹ کی سند لی، پی ایچ ڈی کے مقالے کی رہنمائی کے لئے عبدالعزیز میمن جیسی باکمال ہستی نصیب ہوئی،...
Mankind among the other creatures is a superior creation of Allah. Though he has been gifted and empowered with strength and logic, yet at times he becomes vulnerable or unfortified during his life span. To handle and manage such weak events and moments of life, Allah has laid down a law of necessity upon him. Since Islam is the religion of ease, comfort and compassion in all matters, therefore on the one hand it provides the regular course of system for the usual and routine matters, while on the other hand it promulgates the law of necessity for unusual and extra ordinary matters. The Western legal system also recognizes such concept of law, but as compared to Islamic concept of law of necessity it does not cover all the aspects of human vulnerability. This paper puts forth a discourse that how this exceptional segment of law can be applied and what is the difference between the Islamic concept of law of necessity and that of which the western legal system has.
Federalism in modern state system has worked fantastically and enabled the states to create welfare state by devolving maximum powers to provincial and local levels. Pakistan, by default, emerged as federal states because of accession of federating units, Punjab, Sindh Balochistan, NWFP (currently known as KPK) to Pakistan in 1947. The centre-province relations since 1947 have passed through many phases as form of government from military dictatorship to parliamentary democracy treated the provinces according to their liking/disliking but the study intends to explore and analyze the CentrePunjab relations from 2008 to 2013, an era of Pakistan history which is unique in various aspects and the most importantly provincial autonomy was further granted by transferring the concurrent list to the provinces in the 18th Amendment.. The hypothesis of the study is that during this period there were ups and downs in the Centre-province relations mainly because of the changing approaches and policies of the main political parties of Pakistan namely, Pakistan People‘s Party and Pakistan Muslim League (N) but the federal structure was refined and can be considered as the best period so far in the history of Pakistan. The Centre-Punjab relations were not as smooth as is stated above because it has ups and downs. The most important component and the biggest province of Federating unit of Pakistan the province of the Punjab at times displayed resentment against the Centre when the Federal Government adopted harsh policy towards the federating units particularly against the Punjab and as a result, the province of the Punjab also reacted accordingly. The result of this tussle between the federal and provincial government was that federal system could not attain the high standard as was expected after the 18thamendments. The research has tried to find out the answer of the basic question: Why Centre-Province relations could not achieve highest standard of federalism despite transferring and devolving more powers to the provinces in the 18th Amendment? However, the evolution of the federal system during this period can also be called remarkable shining episode of history which will influence the future working of federal structure in the country. The period under discussion is of immense importance which have not yet academically analyzed by the historians and this study intends to achieve that end and fill the important gap in the historical literature.