دیہات میں قابل ڈاکٹروں کا فقدان
آج تک یہ المیہ ہی بنا ہوا ہے کہ شہروں میں زیادہ سہولتیں ہوتی ہیں اور دیہاتوں میں زندگی سہولتوںسے دور ہوتی ہے۔اسی بات کی وجہ سے لوگ شہروں کا رخ کرلیتے ہیںاور دیہاتوں میں پہلے سے بھی کم لوگ رہ جاتے ہیں۔جو افراد تعلیمی میدان کوفتح کرلیتے ہیںتو وہ دیہات میں رہنا پسند نہیںکرتے ،بوریا بستر سمیت شہروں کی طرف نکل پڑتے ہیں۔جیسے وہ پڑھائی ہی اس لیے کرتے ہیں کہ وہ شہروں کی طرف زندگی کو لے جاسکیں۔
ناطق نے بھی کہانی کے آغاز میں قاری کی توجہ اسی طرف مبذول کرائی ہے کہ دیہاتی زندگی بہت سادہ ہوتی ہے۔جہاں قابل ڈاکٹروں کا فقدان ہوتا ہے قابل ڈاکٹرز کا اس لیے کہ وہاں جو کوئی سیانا ہوتا ہے تو اسے علاج معالجے کیلئے مقرر کر لیا جاتاہے۔وہ اب چھوٹی موٹی بیماریوں بخار،زکام ،گلہ خراب جیسے امراض کا تو علاج کر سکتا ہے مگر بڑے مسائل کو حل کرنا اس کے لئے ناگزیر ہوتا ہے۔
دیہات میں خواتین اور ان کے نومولود بچوں کے حوالے سے بھی بہت سے مسائل کاسامنا رہتا ہے اور پورے علاقے میں زچگی سینٹر نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے اکثر انہیں جان سے بھی جانا پڑتا ہے۔ناول نگار نے بھی کہانی میں ایک سیانی عورت کا ذکر کیا ہے جو کہ دراصل خود کی پناہ کیلئے اس علاقے میں بسی اور پھر وہاں لوگوں کا علاج معالجہ کر کے گزارا شروع کردیااوراس علاج معالجے کا تجربہ اس عورت کو اس لیے تھا کہ اس کی ماں نرس تھی اور ماں کو دیکھ کر وہ کافی کچھ سیکھ چکی تھی۔
’’میری بیوی کا سارا علاج معالجہ اس نے کیا۔تمہیں تو ہماری مشکلوں کی خبر نہیں پر یہاں...
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Protein loss in the urine due to damage to the glomeruli may become massive, and cause a low serum albumin with resulting generalized body swelling (edema) and result in the nephrotic syndrome. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of renal disease in diabetic patients and its complications in Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Renal and Diabetic Departments of the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 3 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore. A total number of 100 Diabetic patients were selected through non probability convenient sampling technique. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. Results: In this study 60% were male and 40% were female. About 41% diabetic patients were 1-6 month of age, 42% were 1-5 years old and 1% of 18-23 years old who had renal diseases while 9% patients were without any renal disease. Whereas the prevalence of diabetes is more in infants than others which is 35%. But there was not significant association between onset of renal diseases with the onset of diabetes mellitus with p-value 0.24. Conclusions: Results of current study showed that diabetes mellitus effecting individuals of all ages equally but there was not significant association between diabetes and renal diseases.
issertation Title: Impact of Authentic Leadership on Perceived Organizational Performance: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Moral Intensity and Ethical Decision Making. Leadership in organizations, organizational performance and behavioral ethics remained matter of great concern for academicians and researchers. The philosophy of leadership styles plays an important role in Perceived Organizational Performance. The objective of this research study was to discover relationship between Authentic Leadership and Perceived Organizational Performance through Moderated Mediation Effect of Moral Intensity and Ethical Decision Making. It is pragmatic that banking service organizations in Pakistan are facing hard-hitting competition, particularly in Hazara Region of KP province. Prior to research in hand no empirical study conducted in the context of Authentic Leadership, Perceived Organizational Performance, Moral Intensity and Ethical Decision-Making models in combination. This research uncovered facets of Authentic Leadership and Perceived Organizational Performance with other variables by adopting scales from different cultures. Survey was conducted in a noncontrived setting using objectively developed questionnaire. Selected sample of 600 line, middle and top-level managers has taken from 134 units of the 10 conveniently selected public and private sector banks performing businesses in three districts Haripur, Abbottabad and Mansehra of Hazara Region, KP, Pakistan. Hypothesises were tested to meet requirements of research model. The validity and reliability examined collected data, different quantitative techniques, Factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Correlation and Regression Analysis applied. Results revealed a positive and significant association between Authentic Leadership, Perceived Organizational Performance, Moral Intensity and Ethical Decision Making in context of banks practicing business at Hazara region of KP, Pakistan.