بیوی کے نفقے کاقضیہ: شرعی اور عصری (پاکستانی) قوانین کے تناظر میں ایک علمی جائزہ

In Islamic point of view, the family is an institution that starts from the legal bond of marriage. The marriage is a contract that confirms the mutual rights of husband and wife. Including the other rights, one is the provision of maintenance to wife. The wife having leaving  her family and making a life time compromise to live with her husband reserves the right to be exempted from all kind of financial obligations. In Islamic family system, the husband is responsible both in legal and moral angles, to support his wife and provide the maintenance according to his financial status. Likewise, the wife has the right to demand the provision of maintenance from her husband. In time of none Provision, she can take this right through court. The wife reserves this right only if she is willing to live with her husband and does not disobey her husband’s reasonable orders. If it is so, then the stand for provision of maintenance shall be treated as invalid. In this paper, the matter of maintenance provision and its related problems have been discussed in contrast with the Pakistan family Laws which will provide a profound knowledge to the readers.

Synthesis, X-Ray Studies and Biological Evaluation of Thiazine Related Heterocycles

Number of thiazine related heterocyclic compounds were synthesized using various approaches to utilize indigenously available raw materials. The syntheses of targeted molecules were afforded by the easy to handle and cost effective routes with the high possible purity and yield. Synthesis of various 1,2-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxides was accomplished via Heck reaction using ligand free palladium catalyst. It involved synthesis of halogen containing sulfonyl chloride, alkyl/aryl sulfonamide, N-alkylation with different alkenyl groups by conventional methodologies followed by improved Heck cyclization with Pd(OAc) 2 /DIPA in 1-methyl-pyrolidin-2-one or toluene. In this way, two isomeric benzothiazines (with endocyclic & exocyclic double bonds) along with seven membered thiazipene products were obtained. It was also found that endocyclic product dominates over the exocyclic isomer. In accordance with the yield, endocyclic product and thiazipines were isolated in almost equal amounts (38.3% & 37.2%). Synthesis of [Cp*Ru(η 6 -((R)-8-(Hydroxy)-2-S-oxa-2-S-phenyl-2,1- benzothiazine))]Cl for their application as catalyst in chiral synthesis is was also accomplished. Chiral 2,1-benzothiazine derivative was employed to its complexation with cyclopentadiene-Ru salt under microwave radiations. One pot synthesis of a series of N-alkyl 1, 2-benzothiazine 1, 1-dioxide derivatives was carried out from commercially available saccharine with improved yield in less time avoiding extra work-ups. Number of carboxamide derivatives were also synthesized by reacting ester with different amines. Further, methyl 4-hydroxy-2H-1,2- benzothiazine-3-carboxylate-1,1-dioxide , N-alkylated derivatives methyl 4-hydroxy-2- methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide, methyl 4-hydroxy-2-ethyl-2H- 1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide & methyl 4-hydroxy-2-propyl-2H-1,2- benzothiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide , and carboxamide derivative N-(2-bromo-4- nitrophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide were oxidized at C-3 carbon to get corresponding alcoholic products which were found dehydrated during crystallization process in methanol.