2. Al-Baqarah/The Cow
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
02:01
a. Alif. Lam. Mim.
02:02
This Qur’an is the awaited Divine Book.
Let there be no doubt in that this is the Absolute Word of Allah in Arabic and no one can ever change it.
This is a manifesto that provides guidance for those who endeavor to shape their lives as well as their social behavior in a manner that seeks Allah’s Pleasure: the ever Allah- reverent.
02:03
They are the people who
believe in whatever is beyond their senses and perception, and
establish the Salat /Prayers and
spend a good part of their wealth which WE have favored them with in the Cause of Allah, human development, and community welfare.
02:04
And they also believe in that which is being sent down on to you O The Prophet,
and all Divine Scriptures that were sent down before you on to the earlier Prophets and
they firmly believe in the All-embracing concept of the Hereafter and its correlatives.
02:05
Thus, it is they who are living by the Guidance from their Rabb - The Lord.
And it is also they who are going to be successful.
02:06
Surely those who willfully deny and belie the truth of these beliefs despite your advocacy,
it is a matter of gross indifference to them whether you warn them of the consequences of disbelief or do not warn them, they are not going to believe.
02:07
Allah has set a seal upon
their hearts, and
their hearing, and
over their intellectual vision...
The role of youth in development of any society is vital. They are the vanguard of any nation. The youth cannot play their role properly and positively unless they understand their responsibilities fully. Creating sense of responsibility in individual of a society especially in its youth is inevitable for the collective and dynamic development of a society. The life of the holy Prophet (r) is a complete guide for all spheres of our life. It is evident from the teachings of the holy Prophet (r) and the general commandments of Islam that the youth play a very important role in socio economic and politico educational development. The holy Prophet (r) showed complete confidence in youth. He delegated them with different responsibilities, provided complete guidance and encouraged them for discharging their duties properly. The companions of the holy Prophet (r) who embraced Islam as a result of his first invitation were young between the ages of 20 to 30. The worst enemy of Islam- Abu Jahal was got killed by two young brothers. Likewise a young man Muṣ‘ab bin ‘Umayr (Ï) was sent to Madina, and Mu‘āz bin Jabal (Ï) and Abu Mūsá Ash‘arī (Ï) were sent to Yemen. Zayd bin Thābit (Ï) was directed to learn other languages. He also compiled the holy Qur’ān in Caliphate of Abū Bakar (Ï). The holy Prophet appointed Ḥuzayfa (Ï) to take census. For creating leadership characteristics, Usāmah bin Zayd was sent to different war expeditions. These are ample proofs of holy Prophet’s confidence he had in the youth.
Low grade pyrite, sphalerite, complex Pb-Zn ore, nickel and copper containing sulphide ore’s bioleaching performances of pure un-adapted and metal ion-adapted cultures of different strains of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans as well as their consortium with acidophilic hetertrotrophs were analyzed in shake flasks studies. Maximum bioleaching potential was observed in case of mixed adapted consortium of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans strain RDB and Thermoplasma acidophilum. Orthogonal experimental array was designed for further co-optimization of process parameters for the enhancement of bioleaching efficiency. Then the technical feasibility to recover valuable metal ions from these ores by bioleaching process was tested in large columns at ambient temperature after optimization of process parameters in several small columns. Different pre-leaching and bioleaching strategies were adopted for maximum dissolution of metal ions from ores during column bioleaching studies. Changes in pH, redox potential, temperature, ferrous, ferric and total iron concentration, microbial growth and percent metals solubelization was observed periodically. Then bioleaching feasibility of electronic scrap by the selected moderately thermophilic strains of acidophilic chemolithotrophic and acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria was tested. These included Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans of different strains, Thermoplasma acidophilum and an unidentified acidophilic heterotroph (code A1TSB). At scrap concentration of 10 g/L, a mixed consortium of the metal adapted cultures was able to leach more than 81 % of Ni, 89 % of Cu, 7 9 % of Al and 83 % of Zn. Then conical bubble reactor was fabricated locally and effect of hydraulic retention time on bioleaching potential was investigated and after that lab-scale columns with automated pH and temperature control were fabricated locally and bioleaching studies of electronic scrap in a bubble reactor was carried out. In case of column bioleaching studies the tolerance of bacterial cultures to mixed metal ions (Ag + , Al 3+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 3+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ and Zn 2+ ) was improved markedly after nearly two year adaptation from 12 g/L to 20 g/L. The results from these studies demonstrate that 80 % Zn, 64 % Al, 86 % Cu and Ni 74 % can be recovered from electronic scrap by microbial leaching process using mixed adapted consortium of moderately thermophilic bacteria at column bioleaching level and 4 % Al, 6 % Zn, 5 % Cu and 7 % Ni can be leached out during preleaching. This finding may facilitate on industrial scale implementation of this process for recycling of metals from electronic scrap.