32. Al-Sajdah/The Prostration
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
32:01
a. Alif. Lam. Mim.
32:02
a. There is absolutely no doubt that this Book - The Divine Qur’an - has been sent down from Rabb -The Lord of all existence.
32:03
a. Or do they still allege:
b. He – The Prophet – has forged it?
c. No!
d. In fact, it is The Truth from your Rabb - The Lord.
e. Its purpose is that you may warn a people to whom no Warner had been assigned before you from the time of Ishmael, the firstborn of Abraham,
f. so that they may reflect upon it and be guided aright.
32:04
a. It is Allah WHO created without a precedent the celestial realm and the terrestrial world, and whatever is between and beyond them, in six days/time span,
b. then, HE established HIMSELF upon The Throne of Almightiness.
c. You have no protector and no intercessor other than HIM.
d. So will you then not reflect and believe?
32:05
a. HE directs the affairs of the terrestrial world from the celestial realm, i.e., The Throne of Almightiness,
b. then the affairs will all ascend to HIM for resolution on a Day,
c. the extent of which is as long as it were equivalent to one thousand years which you count.
32:06
a. Such is HE - Allah!
b. The Knower of the ‘unknown’ - all that is beyond the reach of human perception, and the ‘known’ - all that can be apparently visualized by human senses.
c. HE is The...
Whenever any issue regarding the religious matters was put up in the presence of the Holy Prophet (SAW), he himself explained that logically. The companions of the Holy Prophet (SAW) also sought his consent in such matters. However, there were some differences among the Companions (Saḥabas) regarding some of diligently-conceived views. Later on, such differences were multiplied and caused sectarian issues. In consequence of diligently-conceived opinions and efforts to address the issues of the Holy Qu’rān and Sunnah, four distinct sects emerged. Moreover, such differences took a different form in the later years which further led to the heinous act of “Takfeer”. Currently, the mutual enmity is at a great premium especially in Pakistan. This article will introduce and analyze the selected books, trying to indicate strengths and weakness of the subject matter discussed in books, in addition to examine the methodologies used in.
Hepatitis virus infections are among major health problems worldwide and the clinical outcomes of such infections are often underestimated and the therapeutic options for such infections are not fully explored and are time required. Hepatitis B is the foremost cause of the liver cancer globally and cause of the liver failure which contribute to the major mortality rate. However, Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) being satellite virus of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is more frightening, as the life threatening rate increases more than 10 times in dual infection of HDV among HBV positive patients as compared to HBV mono-infection. HDV is a highly pathogenic virus. Clinical presentation of hepatitis D in majority of the patients ranges from the fulminant hepatitis, increasing severity of underlying hepatitis B infection, accelerated progression to cirrhosis, early decomposition of the liver functions and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Almost among 240 million chronic carriers of HBV worldwide, currently about 15 to 20 million people have been thought to be infected with HDV. Pakistan account for a significant proportion of the global hepatitis burden and is considered as endemic to HDV. Most of the data reported from the country based on seroprevalence of HDV however only three reports are available for genotype of HDV from the country with small sample size and not covering all major provinces (Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa and Sindh) while no full genome of this virus have been reported from Pakistan so far. Therefore, to estimate the current prevalence rate and circulating genotypes of HDV in HBV positive patients, a molecular based study was conducted and HDV genotyping was done along with the sequencing of the complete genome of the virus. Total 1913 hepatitis suspected samples recruited for the study. 1176 (61.5%) were from Punjab and 714 (37.3%) were from KPK and 23 (1.2%) were from Sindh. Out of total 1043 (54.5%) were males and 870 (45.5%) were females. HBV genotyping from HDV positive samples was also done along with genotyping of HDV. Whole genome from HDV samples were amplified using two primer pairs and were sequenced using Next Generation Sequencing. Out of Total, 276 (14.4%) samples were positive for HBV. From HBV positive cases, 46 (16.7%) samples were positive for HDV coinfection. From 181 HBV positive samples (121 males (66.85%), 60 females (33.15%)) from Punjab, 26 samples (14.36%) were positive for HDV among which 17 were males and 9 were females. From 85 HBV positive samples samples (49 males (57.65%), 36 females viii (42.35%)) from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 13 samples (15.29%) were positive for HDV among which 9 were males and 4 were females. From 10 HBV positive samples (6 Males (60%), 4 females (40%)) from Sindh, 7 samples (70%) were positive for HDV among which 5 were males and 2 were females. HBV genotyping from HDV positive samples showed the prevalence of Genotype D in 36 (74.5%) samples while Genotype A was prevalent in 13(25.5%) samples. HDV genotyping of the samples showed the prevalence of only Genotype I in all the positive genotyped samples. Whole genome of HDV samples were amplified and sequenced using NGS. Partial and complete sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank data base. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the Pakistani HDV isolates cluster with HDV genotype I clade and showed 83% to 91% similarity with the reference sequence. This study gives a detailed picture of the true molecular prevalence of the HBV/HDV dual infection in the major regions of the country. This is the first study from the country to cover most of the regions with great sample size. Also this study reports the complete sequence of the HDV Pakistani isolate for the first time from the country. More studies can be done in future on viral quasispecies to understand more about the pathogenesis of the virus in the population. This will be helpful in designing drugs, study virus cell Interactions and will also helpful in vaccine development.