عصر حاضر كی اجتہادی كاوشوں میں مقاصد شریعت كی رعایت

Ijtiha'd is to make utmost endeavor in the light of the basic sources of Islam, the Qur'an and Sunnah to develop the most viable rulings on the new challenges of the time. Muslim scholars have always risen to new challenges. In the contemporary period many Muslim scholars attempted to resolve new problems keeping in view the very objectives of Islamic Law (mtufd al-shari’ah) , which is totally different from literal understanding and application of the rulings of the Qur'an and Sunnah. This article seeks to highlight the contribution of some Muslim scholars in the contemporary period to the application of matpsid al-shari'ah as a principle of ijtihud

Relationship Between the Phenomenon of Academic Procrastination and Students Achievement at University Level

Procrastination is a complex phenomenon referred towards the postponement of a planned task that can also be defined as an illogical and irrational delay. The study was an attempt to find out the relationship between the phenomenon of academic procrastination and students achievement at university level. The objectives of the study were to identify the tasks in which students procrastinate the most with an exploration of the causes for academic procrastination. Furthermore, the relationship between academic procrastination and students’ achievement was explored. Students’ interest in changing their attitude of academic procrastination was also assessed. The study was a co-relational study. The relationship between academic procrastination and students’ achievement was explored. In typological context, five public sector universities were randomly selected out of 20 public sector universities in Punjab. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used and the total 365 M.Phil level students (All students studying in the sampled departments) and twenty five university teachers, teaching at M.Phil level (one teacher from each sampled department) formed sample of the study. Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) was adopted to collect quantitative data from the students and semi-structure interviews of the teachers were conducted for qualitative section. Data were collected through mail and personal visits and analyzed by using SPSS. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Major findings and conclusions of the study revealed that majority of the students at university level are the high procrastinators in all the six identified academic tasks. The main causes for academic procrastination were dependency and help seeking, risk-taking, socialization, pleasant verses boring tasks, fail to prioritize, lack of focus, socialization, poor time management, no check and balance from parents, leniency of the teachers, not clear goals, carelessness, and lack of motivation. Strong negative correlation was found between academic procrastination and academic achievement, furthermore, students’ wish to change their attitude of academic procrastination. The study recommended that teachers, parents and students themselves take the responsibility to avoid academic procrastination and a course to overcome the attitude of academic procrastination may be introduced at university level within the framework of mentoring services for building up competency and commitment of students and teachers, through research based powerful programs, conducting empirical studies in sampling physical sciences and professional programs on a larger sample in Punjab and elsewhere, comparison of public and private universities, in-depth case studies of risk cases and developing research based training manual were suggested for further research in this area.