Awareness and Accessibility of Right to Information Act: A Comparative Study of Minorities within Pakistan and India

Right to Information (RTI) has become one of the major laws to strengthen the democracy of a country. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the awareness and accessibility of RTI for minorities in Pakistan and India. In this regard, a survey questionnaire was distributed to the total of 50 Pakistani Hindus and 50 Indian Muslims under snowball sampling method. The findings were analyzed with the help of independent-samples t-test on SPSS. Findings indicate Pakistani Hindus have only 12% awareness and right to access information as compare to Indian Muslims. For the future studies, there is a need to develop awareness of Right to Information specially in Pakistan in order to improve accountability and transparency in the structure of government.

Influence of Exogenous Application of Proline on Some Physio-Biochemical Parametersof Maize Zea Mays L. under Drought Stress

In natural the plant is exposed to different environmental constrains. The abiotic factors are caused by salinity, drought, extreme temperature and heavy metals. In these stresses, the deficiency is main abiotic pressure that reduced the escalation of plant, development& yield. In reply to deficiency of pressure, plant produces different types of antioxidants and osmolytes. In these osmolytesproline and glycinebetaine are most popular. The exogenous application of proline is most important against stress. Maize is an important plant which belongs to family Poaceae. That could be cooked in terms of food, feed & forage crop. This study was designed to examine the biochemical & proteomic profile under drought and pre-Soakedproline concentration. The test was conduct in randomized set of block through three replicates. The two varieties of maize were grown in normal condition with and without pre-Soakedproline. The plant after germination of three weeks was subjected to drought stress by withdrawing normal irrigation. After one week of stress, the plant was harvested. The shoot size was minimized below deficiency of stress in 0ppm increased in 200ppm in drought stress. While the root length was minimized below lack stress and lesser reduction occurs in 400ppm concentration of proline. The dry & fresh weight of shoot & root became reduced in drought while less reduction in 200ppm pre-Soakedproline. The total soluble proteins and free amino acids was reduced under drought stress while lesser reduction occurs in 400ppm pre-Soakedproline. The chlorophyll contents was decreased in both varieties. The pre-Soaked 400ppm proline in control and drought showed better chlorophyll contents. The different expression was shown in reducing condition. The 200ppm of proline is most effective in both varieties. The varieties Hay corn is most tolerant toward the drought stress.