عدل اجتماعی کا تصور واہمیت
(تعلیمات نبوی کی روشنی میں)
عدل و انصاف فقط حشر پہ موقوف نہیں
زندگی خود بھی گناہوں کی سزا دیتی ہے
اس کائنات رنگ و بو میں ہر سو عدل و انصاف کا نظام کارفرما ہے۔ کائنات کی ہر چیز نظام عدل کے گردمحو گردش ہے۔ ہر شعبہ زیست عدل و انصاف کے بغیر اپنا وجود قائم رکھنے سے قاصر ہے۔ اگر عدل و انصاف عنقاء ہوجائے تو کارخانہ حیات خزاں آشنا ہو جائے گا۔فصلِ بہار کے عطر بیز جھو نکے بھی اس کی عروق مردہ میں تازہ خون کی روانی کو برقرار نہ رکھ سکیں گے۔ عدل سے مراد معنوی طور پر کسی شے کو اس کے درست مقام پر رکھنا ہے۔ شرعی اصطلاح میں عدل سے مراد لوگوں میں انصاف کرناہے، ان کے حقوق دلوانا ،ظلم کا خاتمہ کرنا، عدل اسلامی تعلیمات میں ایک اہم مقام رکھتا ہے۔ نیز عدل کے معنی ہیں ’’افراط و تفریط سے بچنا‘‘ یعنی کسی شے کا زیادہ ہونا نہ کم ہونا یہ درجہ مقام وسط یعنی درمیانی ہے۔ اگر بنظرِ غائر دیکھا جائے تو دنیا میں جوبھی برائیاں ہیں وہ افراط وتفریط ہی کا نتیجہ ہیں۔ یعنی اجتماعی عدل کے قیام میں جو چیز سد سکندری ثابت ہوتی ہے وہ افراط وتفریط ہے۔ عدل اجتماعی جیسا کہ مفہوم سے ظاہر ہے کہ ایسا عدل جوسب کے لئے ہو، سب کا ہدف ہو، اور سب اس کے حصول کے خواہاں ہوں۔ نیز سب کیلئے ممدّ و معاون ثابت ہو یہ اسلام کا طرہ ٔامتیاز ہے کہ اجتماعی عدل کے حامی اسلام کے ہر سنہری دور میں موجود ر ہے ہیں۔
احادیثِ مبارکہ میں اسوۂ حسنہ سے عدل کی اہمیت کا اندازہ لگایا جا سکتا ہے۔ آپصلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمکے مبارک عہد میں عدل کرنے میں کافر و مسلمان میں کوئی امتیاز نہ رکھا...
A peaceful society is necessary for the development of any country and nation. Peace means rest of mind and satisfaction. Peace means to create such type of environment where each and every person can perform his or her daily functions of life without any fear and threat. To establish a peaceful society, two types of steps are required to be taken: Ideological Steps; Practical Steps The sayings, the personal character and the practical steps of fraternity and love of picture perfect a are (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Peace of Prophet the in society. The Prophet (ﷺ), through his teachings and actions, spread the sense of human rights and respect for the humanity. He taught to observe equality in law and justice. He united various nations through Mīthāq al-Madīnah. He signed contracts of peace with other nations, too. The Treaty of Ḥudaybiyah is a brilliant example of how to end war and terrorism and to initiate peace to the utmost possible extent. In the end of this discourse, it has been proved with arguments and references from history that al-Jihād al-Islāmī was used as a last resort to eradicate mischief and persecution to create peace in the land.
The efficacy of different organic acids, plant oils and extract was evaluated a series of experiments for the control of ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acrina: Varroidae) and Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and Baker (Acrina: Laelapidae), a big threat to honeybee, Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations world-wide. All the experiments were maintained using modified bottom board trays (mechanical control) and maintaining test colonies with regular re- queening with hygienic queens (genetic control). Effectiveness of 4gm thymol and 20 ml formic acid (65%) against T. clareae mite on honeybee colonies was calculated and it was found that formic acid killed significantly higher number of T. clareae mite as compared to thymol and control group. The total honey production harvested from colonies treated with formic acid was higher (14.33 kg) as compared to other groups. Different concentrations of oxalic acid (OA) were tested for their effectiveness against V. destructor mite populations. Average efficacy of OA recorded with 3.2, 4.2 and 2.1 % was 95, 81 and 46 % respectively. The honey produced was also found maximum (23 kg) in 3.2% OA treatment. Different amounts of thymol with 3.2% oxalic acid (OA) on both mite populations in honeybee colonies were also determined. It was found out that average efficacy of 2, 4 and 6 gm thymol with 3.2 % OA for controlling T. clareae was 26, 40, 35 % and for V. destructor it was 93, 99 and 94 %, respectively. The results clearly showed that the 3.2 % OA with 4gm thymol was the best treatment for controlling these mites. The honey produced was also found maximum in (21 kg) 3.2% OA+ 4 gm thymol treatment. The fourth study was conducted in laboratory as well as in bee hives to evaluate the acaricidal effects of some plant oils on Varroa mites. In the laboratory experiments with different oils/extracts, clove oil in combination with tobacco extract proved very effective against under study mites. The treatments were significantly effective when applied in 5 % as compared to 10 and 15 % concentrations. In the second experiment using only 5 % concentration for 24 hrs, the most effective combination was clove oil and tobacco extract. The field experiment with all the oils/extracts individually and in all the previously tested combinations confirmed the lab results as clove oil + tobacco extract the best combination with 96.48 % efficacy. The honey produced was also found maximum (20.5 kg) in clove oil + tobacco extract treatment. In view of the findings of previous studies, the fifth and final experiment regarding integrated management was carried out to determine the effects of three different treatments. i.e. 4gm thymol + 3.2% OA and 65% formic acid (T1), 5% clove oil + Tobacco extract and 4gm thymol+3.2% OA (T2) and 5% clove oil + Tobacco extract and 65 % formic acid (T3) to manage ectoparasitic mites i.e. T. clareae and V. destructor populations in honeybee A. mellifera colonies round the year. Average efficacy was calculated and it was found that T1 had the highest efficacy 86 and 97.75 % for both the mites, respectively. The total honey production harvested from colonies treated with different acaricides was also determined and significantly more amount of honey was produced (30 kg) from the hives treated with 4gm thymol + 3.2% OA and 65% formic acid. It was observed that during all experiments treatment cause no effect upon queen and adult honey bee activities.