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A hypothical study on consumer preferences toward organized retailing in twin cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad

Thesis Info

Author

Abdul Ghaffar

Supervisor

Kamran Maqbool

Department

Department of Marketing

Program

MBA

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

Faculty of Management Sciences

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

53

Subject

Marketing

Language

English

Other

MA/MSc 658.8342 ABH

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722058054

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آؤ کاغان چلیے

کاغان چلیے

پہلی منزل ہزارہ

                ہری پور ،ایبٹ آباد ،مانسہرہ ،بٹا گرام ،شانگلہ پار تے کوہستان دے ضلعے ہزارہ ڈویژن وچ شامل ہن ۔شانگلہ پار نوں چھوڈ کے باقی ساریاں تھاواں اتے ہندوکو ،پہاڑ ی ،گوجری تے پوٹھو ہاری زبان بولی تے سمجھی جا ند ی اے ۔شانگلہ پار ضلعے وچ لوک بہتا کر کے پشتو زبان بولدے نیں ۔کاغان یاترا لئی ہن پاکستان دے کافی وڈے شہراں تو ں مانسہرہ یاں بالا کوٹ (گیٹ وے ٹو کا غان )تک بس سروس موجود اے ۔ پرکافی چر پہلاں بالاکوٹ تائیں اپڑنا بہوں اوکھا ہوندا سی ۔پہلاں تسی اپنے شہر توں راولپنڈ ی تائیں بس یاں ریل راہیں اپڑدے سو ۔ایس مگروں ریل راہیں حویلیاں (ہزارہ ڈویژن دا آخری اسٹیشن )تے بس راہیں مانسہرہ اپڑ دے سو ۔مانسہرہ توں بالا کوٹ جاون والی بس یا ویگن راہیں بالا کوٹ اپڑ کے رات رکیا جا ندا سی تاں جے پچھلاں تھکیواں اتاریا جا سکے تے اگلے سفر لئی اپنے آپ نوں ذہنی تے جسمانی طور تے تیار کیتا جا سکے ۔

خوبصورت تے معتدل موسماں دے شہر ہری پور تے حویلیاں :

                ہری پور بارے آکھیا جا ندا اے کہ ایس نوں سکھ جرنیل ہری سنگھ نے وسایا ۔ایہہ شہر کسے سمے سکھاں دا گڑھ ہو ندا سی۔ایس شہر دی اک ہور وجہ ایتھوں دے لا جواب پھل فروٹ تے سبزیاں ہن جو سواد وچ پورے علاقے وچ مشہور ہن ۔ایس توں وکھ ایتھوں دے موسم وچ شدت نئیں اے ۔ٹیلی فون ،انڈسٹری آف پاکستان ،پاک چین کھاد بناون والا کارخانہ ،اسلحہ بناون والے کارخانے توں وکھ کئی نکیاں وڈیاں فیکٹریاں ایتھے قائم نیں ۔جتھے ملک توں آئے ہزاراں لوک کم کر دے نیں ۔کیو ں جے ایہہ ضلعی صدر مقام وی...

السلام اساس الاسلام

This article deals with a very important and basic feature of Islām on whose foundation the whole façade of Islām is erected, i. E., Peace. If we study the Quranic injunctions, the sayings of the Holy Prophet Muḥammad (r) and his kind actions i. E. His Sunnah, it becomes quite obvious that our topic of research is the top most concern of al-Sharī’ah, because peace is the foremost attribute of Islām. Islām means to prevail peace not only in the lives of the people in this world, but in the hereafter, too. In this research paper, the author has done his level best to prove that peace and solidarity play an important role in all the spheres and walks of life. Islām emphasizes it the most. Islamic teachings regarding peace include an individual’s life affairs, as well as the national and the international relations. We notice that all actions taken by the holy Prophet (r) meant to spread peace among the Muslims and the non-Muslims. The Holy Prophet (r) was explicitly declared as ‘Raḥmah li’l-‘Ālamīn’ (A mercy for all the worlds) by Almighty Allāh. We need to highlight and follow his sublime example to let the Muslims and the rest of the world know what Islām actually stands for; in a single word, it is just PEACE!

Characterization of Chilli Anthracnose Pathogen and its in Vitro Management

Chilli anthracnose is the most prevalent disease in all major chilli growing areas of the Punjab. Chilli anthracnose is causing the highest yield losses than any other fungal disease. This study was focused to assess the prevalence and incidence of the disease in five major chilli production districts of Punjab. Moreover, morphological and molecular characterization of pathogen and invtiro management by using different techniques of application through five plant extract. Field based surveys were conducted in two years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) for disease documentation and sample collection followed bylaboratory isolations resulted into the recovery of 142 pathogenic isolates of the pathogen associated with the disease. Disease was recorded in all surveyed area and showed 100% prevalence viz., Vehari, Bahawal Nagar, Okara, Kasur and Rawalpindi. The maximum average incidence 63.10% was recorded at Vehari while minimum average incidence 25.5% was recorded at Rawalpindi.Morphological characterization of the recovered isolates showed variation in morphological characters like two types of colony colours were observed. Fusiform and falcate conidial shapes were recordedand some isolates produced setae while other not. Variations in number of acervuli were also observed. Molecular characterization was done including DNA sequencing of pathogenic isolates though PCR amplification of the Internal Transcription Spacer region using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Characterization established the identity of the highly pathogenic isolates selected from each district to their morphological characterization done before molecular study. Phylogenetic analysis of 5 morphologically and pathogenically diverse Colletotrichum capsici xxii isolatesexpressed their evolutionary relationship by 99-100% similarity with previously reported isolates available at NCBI database. The most virulent isolate CCO41was used as source of inoculum in in vitro management of the pathogen by using five different plant extracts applied through two different techniques viz., poisoned food technique and well diffusion technique. All applied plant extracts showed antifungal properties and maximum 98.5% growth inhibition was noted down in case of polygonum plant extract @ 0.1% and 0.2% when applied through poisoned food technique while minimum antifungal activity was expressed by dodonaea and clove at the dose of 25μL when applied through well diffusion technique. Poisoned food was found better than well diffusion technique in the study. Results of the study generated exact and comprehensive picture of the disease in major chilli growing areas of the Punjab and indicated the areas at high risk in terms of disease spread. The survey observations also pointed out the trend of decreasing chilli crop area in the all districts due to number of factors including anthracnose. Isolates recovered from the study area were first time studied with details with reference to morphological and molecular characteristics.In vitrobiologicalmanagement studies explored the antifungal potential of indigenous plant against Colletotrichum capsici. Polygonum plant extract was found to be the most effective by suppressing pathogen’s growth up to 98.5% and depicted its antifungal potential.These management findings indicate projected antifungal ability of plant extracts to manage chilli anthracnose in field conditions.