۔تحفظ جان
قوانین حدود و و قصاص پر عمل درآمدکے مقاصد میں جان کا تحفظ ایک بنیادی مقصد ہے۔ جس کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ ایک مسلم معاشرے کے ہر فرد کی جان کی حفاظت اور شر پسند عناصر کے خاتمے کے لیے شریعت اسلامیہ میں قصاص ودیت کی صورت میں سزائیں تجویزکی گئی ہیں ۔ اسلام نے بنیادی انسانی حقوق میں سے جان کے تحفظ کو خصوصی اہمیت دی ہے ۔ چنانچہ اس مقصد کا حصول یقینی بنانے کے لیے جہاں ذہنی تربیت کا اہتمام کیا ہے ،وہاں ان سرکش عناصر کا قلع قمع کرنے کے لیے عملی طور پر قصاص و دیت کے قوانین بھی دیئے ہیں جو ایک انسانی جان کو اہمیت نہیں دیتے۔ اگر ایسے لوگوں کا سد باب کرنے کے لیے کوئی عملی اقدام نہ اٹھایا جائے تو یہ انسانوں کو گاجر مولی کی طرح کاٹ کر رکھ دیں اور نفس انسانی کا تقدس و حرمت پامال ہو کر رہ جائے۔اسلام کی نظر میں ایک انسان کا قتل تما م انسانیت کا قتل ہے ، جیسا کہ قرآن مجیدمیں آیا ہے کہ
﴿مَنْ قَتَلَ نفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا﴾226
"جس نے کسی دوسرے کو علاوہ جان کے بدلہ یا زمین میں فساد پھیلانے کی غرض سے قتل کیا تو اس نےگویا پوری انسانیت کا قتل کیا۔ "
یہاں ایک شخص کے قتل کو اللہ نے پوری انسانیت کا قتل قرار دیا ہے۔ یہ اس لیے ہے کہ جب ایک شخص کی زندگی محفوظ نہیں ہے تو پھر دنیا میں کسی بھی شخص کی زندگی کو محفوظ باور نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔ اس متاع
حیا ت کو بچانے اور اس کی حفاظت کے لیے دین اسلام میں خودکشی کو حرام قرار دیا ہے، جیساکہ حضرت انس سے مروی ہے
" لاَ يَتَمَنَّيَنَّ أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَوْتَ لِضُرٍّ نَزَلَ...
The Holy Quran is the first and very important source of Islamic Law. This book was revealed in Arabic language. When Islam spread over the Subcontinent with the passage of time then It was needed to translate this book in the regional languages for the better understanding of Allah's message. The people of this era could not understand the real teaching of Quran without its translation. The Ulema e Ahlesunat (Barelvi) school of thought took participation in the field of Tafseer to convey this holy message to the people of Subcontinent. The intellectual efforts of the scholars of the Ahlesunat (Barelvi) thoughts can be found in every field of Islamic teaching. These Ulema extended their contributions in Islamic teaching through illustration of the Quran. They wrote translations of the Quran in different ages and tried to solve the problems which were raised in this era about Islamic teaching. In this research article the authors analyzed the style of selected Mofasereen of the Ahlesunat( Barelvi's )school of thought
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading healthcare concern around the globe. HBV infection is affecting more than 6 million people in Pakistan. General population and the patients administrated for regular blood transfusions (Multi-transfused population) are always at greater risks to acquire HBV infection through unsecured process of transfusion. The existence of HBsAg mutants is well documented in studies from many countries. In Pakistan, most of blood banks perform HBV screening by rapid detection devices or ELISA tests. These tests are designed to detect HBsAg, but may not be equally effective to detect all mutations of HBsAg. Failure to detect these HBsAg mutants, may result in the transmission of HBV infection from donor to recipient. The determination of detection capacity of diagnostic assays and their respective capability to identify HBsAg mutants is very critical. Three routinely used diagnostic tests (rapid detection devices, ELISA and CLIA) for HBsAg along with LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant Assay were applied to determine the prevalence of HBV along HBsAg mutants in Pakistani healthy blood donor population and multitransfused patients (Thalassaemia and Hemophilia patients). The samples used in current study were collected from three different cities of Pakistan. The screening tests were performed by using SD Bioline rapid assay (n = 1500), ELISA (n = 1500), and Abbott ARCHITECT®CLIA system (n = 1500) at the same collection centres. All the samples (n = 4500) were re-tested for a comparative analysis on LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant assay (DiaSorin S.p.A.). PCR testing was performed as a gold standard on all discordant samples. . In current study total 4500 healhty blood donors were screened for presence of HBV infection, among them 119 (2.64%) were finally found positive for HBsAg by gold standard method. The other methods showed variable value of sensitivity and specificity in the screening results. Sensitivity of SD Bioline Rapid, GB HBsAg ELISA, Abbott ARCHITECT® and LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant assays were 17.24%, 43.75%, 90.91% and 100% respectively. Total 1440 thalassaemia patients were screened in this study among them 930 (64.6%) were males and 510 (35.4%). Screening revealed that total thalasssamia patients total 44 were positive for HBsAg. In HBV positive patients, 25 (56.8%) were males and 19 (43.2%) were females. Similarly total 950 hemophilia patients were screened; among them 755 (79.5%) were males and 195 (20.5%) were females. The screening of 950 revealed that total 23 (2.4 %) hemophilia patient samples were positive for HBsAg. Three genotypes were found in current study that included genotype A, genotype D and genotype C. Total seven HBsAg subtypes were determined those included subtypes ayw2, adw1, adw2, ayw1, ayw3, ayw4 and adr. The most common subgenotype/HBsAg subtype is D1/ayw2. The S-gene region representative phylogentic analyses were also performed. The sequence analysis of total 185 positive samples was performed. The sequencing analysis revealed mutations (non-synonymous nucleotide point mutations) in HBsAg nucleotides and total 28 (15.1%) samples showed sequence variations in “S region. In general the most common mutation was in amino acid region from 143-145 among S143L was largely counting exhibited in 13 (35.1%) samples. The study clearly demonstrated that there is a degree of variation in capacity of different screening assays currently used in Pakistan. Current study has also revealed the presence of HBsAg mutants in Pakistani healthy blood donors and multitransfused patients (Thalassaemia and Haemophilia patients).