پاکستان کے مشترکہ خاندانی نظام میں رہائش سے متعلقہ مسائل اور ان کا حل (اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ایک جائزہ) Issues of Accommodation in the joint family system of Pakistan and their solution (An analytical study in the context of the Islamic teachings)

A family is the fundamental unit of society. Every society has the presence of a family. The start of a family's life is entirely dependent on matters of co. human relations. All such human relationships are entrenched in islamic sharia as a sacred bond of nikah, in which a husband and wife become a part of the world in the form of a family's collective result. Husband and wife are the most fundamental pillars of society, and their affection and companionship provides a source of stability for them and also a refuge for coming generations.A  family consist of husband ,wife and their children . The family life is begins with marriage, after marriage every woman wants to have her own separate home where all the requirements of privacy are met. Islam has placed the entire responsibility of livelihood on men..But in our society there are two types of family system joint and separate family system. In Pakistan The joint family system is prevalent. The people of the subcontinent are not only adopting this system but they are  also feel proud of it . In the present article the joint family  system has facing many challenges. One of them is accommodation. In this article will focus on  what is the basic concept of accommodation in joint family systems and its solution in Islami teachings. It is critical for the husband and wife to have a home where no one can  interfere on their personal matters. This interference is very much in our society.Which husband and wife facing many  problems. And due to this conditions, the relationship of husband and wife is also affected. Key Words: Joint family system, Issues of Accommodation, Pakistani society, Islamic teachings.

Exploring Male and Female Headteachers Views and Practices of Discipline and Disciplinary Measures in the Secondary Schools

The focus of the research was to explore male and female principals’ views of discipline and discipline strategies they employ for maintaining discipline in schools. The study also attempted to answer whether the gender of the principal makes any difference in discipline management or not. Qualitative investigation guided the design of the study. The study sample comprised two secondary school principals (one male and one female) from private secondary schools in Karachi, Pakistan. They were selected through the mode of purposive sampling. Empirical data was collected by the means of semi-structured interviews, observation through shadowing and document analysis. The data was analysed in accordance with accepted procedures such as transcribing the data and coding it into themes and sub-themes as they emerged from the data. The results indicated the gendered attitude of the principals in discipline management. Both principals consider discipline as a source to maintain sex segregation in the entire school setting. Furthermore, the study revealed that boys receive corporal punishment more frequently in the male principal’s school, because he perceives that boys are physically stronger than girls. Moreover, it was found that the female principal focused on caring, understanding, collaboration, involvement and human proximity as compared to the male head teacher who was assertive in the discipline management. Over all, it was revealed that principals’ strategies of disciplining students are also guided by their personal experiences and socio-economic situation and the cultural practices of the pupils’ parents. The study recommends that both schools need to adopt constructive strategies and incorporate the gender perspective into the discipline policy. Since this study is one of the few researches done in the field in Pakistan it is therefore expected to make a contribution to the gender studies done so far in this context.