The Creation of Universe in the Light of Quran

The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. Sura l-Baqarah, verse (67) states:   قَالَ أعُوْذُ بِاللّٰہِ اأنْ أَکُوْنَ مِنَ الْجَھِلِیْنَ۔He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant. "The Qur'an does not render a coordinated description of the universe Creation and how it will end. In lieu of a continuous story of creation and cease, there are verses dispersed all over the Quran which deal with certain aspects of the universe’s Creation and end. These scattered verses provide information on the sequential events marking its development with varying degrees of detail. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the Quranic Concept of Universe. The idea of steady state by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle (1948) suggests that this universe is created with big bang, it is expanding and it would be the same, always static, always contracting or always expanding with no end. This is in contrast with the pulsating theory of the accelerating expansion will result in weak gravity which will cause the universe to contract. When this contraction will condense everything back into one single point, this rapid compression will lead to another explosion (often referred to as mini big bang). As a result of which the universe will start expanding again. Hence it results in a pulsating universe in which there is alternate expansion and contraction of universe.  

Exploring Perception and Practices of Deputy District Officers As Educational Leaders in the Context of Balochistan, Pakistan

This study is about exploring perceptions and practices of Deputy District Officers (DDO-Education) as educational leaders in the context of Balochistan. The study focuses on roles and responsibilities of DDOs as educational leaders. The study was completed through qualitative study approach; the data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis to ensure the validity of the data. Thematic analysis approach was used to understand the data. Two DDOs, one EDO and three Head Teachers participated in the study as primary and secondary respondents. To highlight DDOs' roles and responsibilities as education leaders, the study focused on exploring the key research question, "How do DDOs perceive and practice their roles and responsibilities as Educational Leaders in the context of Balochistan in Pakistan?" The subsidiary questions included: i) What value do DDOs give to their roles and responsibilities as Educational Leaders? ii) How do they enact their roles and responsibilities? iii) What opportunities and challenges do they face in fulfilling their roles and responsibilities? The study identified the roles and responsibilities of DDOs as educational leaders. It was found that DDOs perceived their role as supervisors instead of an educational leader. The findings of the study also showed that DDOs have opportunities of supporting staff, and in-service trainings. In addition to that, there are many challenges that DDOs face, like law and order situation, lack of human and material resources and political pressure. These factors hinder their role and responsibilities as educational leaders. The study recommends that this study of DDOs may be carried out in other districts also in order to have a comparative analysis.