نقد رجال میں امام بوصیری كا منہج مصباح الزجاجہ کی روشنی میں

Imām Ahmad Al- Būṣīrī is a famous Muhaddith of the 8th Hijra century. He has authored many important works in the field of Hadith. One of them is his famous book: "Miṣbāḥ al-Zujajah fī Zawaed ibn Mājah".  Imām Būṣīrī is an important scholar of the field of ῾Ilm al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta῾dīl. In the book mentioned above, the Imām has collected only those aḥādīth of the book Sunan Ibn Mājah, which were reported by Imām Ibn Mājah only apart from the other authors of the six books of Sunan.  After collection, Imām Būṣīrī clarified the authentic and unauthentic narrations. There were some narrations about which he remained silent.  This paper aims to discuss the methodology of Imām Būṣīrī in authentication of narrations of his book "Miṣbāḥ al-Zujajah fī Zawaed ibn Mājah".

Post Earthquakechanges in the Physical and Academic Environment of Primary Schools of Aj&K

All disasters are undesirable but they gave us a chance to learn some meaningful lessons from them and to improve or at least to correct our pathway. Disaster such as an earthquake always tends to untangle the social structure of the society and expose their strengths and weaknesses. A descriptive research study was conducted to understand the post earthquake changes in the physical and academic environment of primary schools in AJ&K. The study was carried out in Muzaffarabad, the capital city of AJ&K (an affiliated state of Pakistan). Muzaffarabad was one of the worst earthquake affected district of AJ&K and being the capital city with crowded population and low spaced building infrastructure, it was devastated almost above than 90%. The study was aimed to assess the post earthquake changes in physical environment by mean of quality of reconstructed school building, and in academic environment by mean of teachers training, evacuation plans and emergency drills, incorporation of disaster related information in syllabus of primary classes and finally the awareness level of primary teachers as well as of students. The study employed a descriptive research methodology using quantitative approach. The sample was consisting of 36 schools with heads, teachers and students. Three questionnaires and one observation schedule were developed to get quantitative data. After statistical analysis, the results of the study showed that the training of teachers was not conducted; no serious attempt was made by head teachers to implement any curricular changes based upon disasters management especially about earthquake preparedness. There is no or very little incorporation of disaster related information and earthquake preventive measures in syllabus / course of primary classes. However, the awareness level of teachers and students was not as worse. They were found aware of basic preventive measures like not to run or evacuate in a hurry during the shaking continues. A training of teachers should be done and to develop a policy regarding the incorporation of disaster management especially the earthquake preventive measures in the course, textbooks or syllabus of primary classes.