ایک نواب عالم کی وفات
ہندوستان کے ان پرانے مسلمان خاندانوں میں سے جو شرافت نسب کے ساتھ علم اور دولت دونوں کے جامع ہیں، اب خال خال گھرانے رہ گئے ہیں، انہیں میں سے ایک والا جاہ نواب سید صدیق حسن خان مرحوم کا خاندان تھا، جن کے چھوٹے صاحبزادہ صفی الدولہ حسام الملک شمس العلماء نواب سید محمد علی حسن خان مرحوم نے ۱۹؍ نومبر ۱۹۳۶ء مطابق، ۳؍ رمضان المبارک ۱۳۵۵ھ کی صبح کو اپنی کوٹھی بھوپال ہاؤ س لال باغ لکھنؤ میں بہتر برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی، افسوس ہے کہ ایک پرانے خاندان کے فضل و کمال اور جاہ و جلال کی یادگار آج مٹ گئی۔
مرحوم ان لوگوں میں تھے جن کی آنکھوں نے مسلمانوں کے علمی و تعلیمی، سیاسی و تمدنی انقلاب کے مناظر دیکھے، وہ پیدا تو ایک ’’کنزرویٹو‘‘ گھرانے میں ہوئے اور اسی ماحول میں تعلیم و تربیت پائی، لیکن فطرت کی طرف سے وہ ایک اثر پذیر اور حساس دل لائے تھے، باوجود اس کے کہ وہ بھوپال میں پیدا ہوئے جہاں حددرجہ قدامت کی حکومت اور سطوت تھی اور ممکن نہ تھا کہ نورمحل میں نئی روشنی کی ایک کرن بھی پہنچ سکے، مگر استعداد طبع دیکھئے کہ کہ خود بخود ادھر طبیعت کا میلان ہوا، سرسید کی جدید تعلیمی تحریک میں اور پھر ندوۃ العلماء کی مذہبی تحریک میں شریک ہوئے اور ہر قسم کی جانی و مالی خدمتیں انجام دیں، مدت تک ندوہ کے اعزازی ناظم رہے، دارالمصنفین کے اساسی ارکان میں تھے اور لکھنؤ کی ہر سنجیدہ تحریک میں ان کا نام سرفہرست رہتا تھا۔
وہ عربی زبان کے عالم، فارسی زبان کے ماہر اور اردو کے مشّاق اہل قلم تھے، فارسی شعر و سخن اور محاورات پر ان کو عبور کامل حاصل تھا، فارسی کا مشکل سے کوئی اچھا شعر ہوگا...
Modern Arabic literature particularly short stories and essays deal with, among others, liberation of women from outdated and oppressive traditions. There are supporters of this trend and also opponents to this attitude in Arabic prose. This article touches the issue of women 's liberation in Arabic literature produced in Egypt during thefirst half of the twentieth century. The major subject-matters included therein are veil, adornments, polygamy, marriage, divorce, women’s joining workforce, and free-mixing of both male andfemale.
Different concentrations of nickel (Ni) are ubiquitously distributed in nature. Ni is released into the environment as a result of natural and anthropogenic sources. It ranks 24th among abundant elements in the earth crust. The inter and intraspecific responses of plant species including crop plants vary widely to excessive concentration of heavy metals in their growth medium. The performance of five Vigna species, viz. V. aconitifolia, V. cylindrica, V. mungo, V. radiata and V. unguiculata, were evaluated under various doses (50, 100 and 150 mg kg-1) using NiCl2.6H2O as a source of Ni. A series of green house experiments under simulated field conditions were conducted to assess germination, growth (shoot and root lengths (cm), fresh and dry biomass (g), number of nodules, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2) and chlorophyll a and b), yield (number of flowers, pods and seeds per pod) and for yield attributes (hundred seeds weight (g). In addition, macro nutrients (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in plant tissues and several biochemical attributes, malondialdehyde, enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) and non-enzymatic components (ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, carotenoids) involved in antioxidative defense were evaluated. The pattern of bioaccumulation of Ni and its translocation in different plants parts were assessed. The data records for various attribute studied were made at different intervals (four, eight weeks and maturity). Ni induced a drastic decline in growth and biomass of plants, formation of nodules and chlorophyll a and b contents. The elevated level of Ni also induced a decline in yield and yield attributes. The estimation of different macronutrients in plant parts depicted a marked inhibition in the distribution of various macronutrients. Moreover, toxicity and accumulation of Ni in plant tissues considerably increased in a concentration dependent manner. Vigna species signify an exclusion approach for Ni tolerance as both bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) were less than 1.0. The Ni content of plants being root > shoot > leaves > seeds. Ni stress lead to oxidative stress, by enhanced production of ROS determined via MDA production. An affirmative relationship between MDA and Ni level was established. A dose dependent increase in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of antioxidative defense induced scavenging role to cope with metal stress. Overall, the Vigna species revealed Ni tolerance in an order of V. radiata > V. cylindrica > V. unguiculata > V. mungo > V. aconitifolia. The study clearly suggested that the acquisition of Ni tolerance in V. radiata followed by V. cylindrica seems to occur through an integrated mechanism of metal tolerance. It may arise from differential accumulation of Ni in the plant parts without damaging the tissues and considerable alteration of important growth parameters, along with chlorophyll biosynthesis. Moreover, the sustainable macronutrients uptake, stronger roots due to greater deposition of Ca2+ in their tissues and enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidative defense, restricted transfer of Ni to above ground tissues and seeds as well as exclusion capacity of the roots to bind appreciable amount of metal to them. Thus, metal tolerant potential of V. radiata and V. cylindrica could be of great significance to remediate metal contaminated soil owing lesser impact of Ni on macro-nutrients, hence the yield. Thus, these species can be a choice for abandoned soils contaminated with Ni.