میں پا برہنہ کھڑا ہوں، ٹھٹھر رہا ہوں مَیں
کہ موسموں کے تغیر سے مر رہا ہوں مَیں
عجیب خوف ہے طاری یہاں فضائوں پر
کہ گھر میں ہوتے ہوئے پھر بھی ڈر رہا ہوں مَیں
میں بار بار لٹا بے بسی کے ہاتھوں سے
رہا ہوں ایسے ہی زندہ اگر رہا ہوں مَیں
مرا جنوں مری بربادیوں کا باعث ہے
تو کب کسی پہ یہ الزام دھر رہا ہوں مَیں
سمیٹ سکتے ہو تائبؔ کو تم اگر چاہو
وگرنہ جانِ تمنا بکھر رہا ہوں مَیں
The present research was carried out to investigate the knowledge and awareness regarding Nikah Nama reforms and its clauses among the unmarried males and females of Lahore. The objectives of this study were to explore knowledge and level of awareness about Nikah Nama reforms and to explore the reasons for not reading the Nikah Nama before marriage. A total of 400 adults were sampled, including 200 males and 200 females. A self-developed questionnaire was used; which included both closed and open ended questions. The results of this study revealed that most of the people were not aware about Nikah Nama reforms and women supportive clauses. It was also revealed that three broad factors contributed to not reading the Nikah Nama before marriage: (i) Patriarchal culture, (ii) Lack of awareness; and (iii) Insecurity and fear. It is recommended that awareness about marriage rights should be part of the formal and informal education system and there must be some accountability against people who break laws and strike out the Nikah Nama clauses or prevent the reading of the contract.
The study provides an understandable account of the phenomenon of anti-Americanism that widely prevailed in Pakistan and it became further intense after the start of 21st century. The US drone attacks on Pakistani territory, the Abbottabad operation of the US against OBL and the US attack on Pakistani military post ‘Salala’ remain the leading causes of anti-Americanism in Pakistan. The research identifies that regional policies of United States have created a new dimension of the discourse of anti-Americanism in Pakistan and this phenomenon has brought negative impact on Pak-US relations. The super power’s interests in the region are seen with more clarity by using the lens of realist approach. The Neorealist school of thought comprehensibly covers the international political structure and element of anti-Americanism at global and domestic level. The Neoclassical realism explains the influence of the elite class on policy making and domestic structure of the politics. The theories of Superpower Syndrome and the Dilemma of the Superior observe an image problem of the superpower and also identify an element of jealousy against the superpower. The agenda setting role of Pakistan media analyzes the various dimensions of anti-Americanism in Pakistan. The study explains the multiple causes and the impact of anti-Americanism at global, regional and domestic level. The research at length explains the causes and the impact of the discourse that have significance in the Muslim world, particularly in Pakistan. The Pakistani media identify the media perceptions in highlighting the nature of the Pak-US relations and the element of anti-Americanism. The content analyses of the selected media reveals that content were significantly unfavorable for the US image. The survey also provides the result that depicted the new dimensions of anti-Americanism and its impact on Pak-US relations. The study also provides the viable recommendations for better Pak-US relations in future.