Assessment of Blood Glucose and Calcium Concentrations Among healthy female volunteers Blood glucose & calcium in females

Abstract: Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia are associated with a number of complications including kidney damage, neurological damage, cardiovascular damage,  damage to the retina or damage to feet and legs,  lethargy, impaired mental functioning and irritability. The most abundant mineral in the body is calcium. Its abnormal levels also associated with multiple disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the blood glucose and calcium levels in healthy female volunteersMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 6 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore. A total number of 60 females were enrolled through consecutive sampling technique. Females of all age groups were included. All of the females had gone through routine history taking and lab investigations for the assessment of blood glucose an calcium concentrations. Results: In this study out 60 female participants, 33.3% were between ages of 15-30 years, 33.3% were between age of 31-50 years and remaining 33.3% were above 50 years old. All females of age group 15-30 years had normal glucose levels while single case of age group 15-30 years had abnormal calcium level. The results indicated that females of above age 50 years had low calcium and high glucose levels due to poor nutrition and less physical activity. Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that females with increasing age should intake food enriched in calcium and low glucose and adopt a physically active life style to manage normal blood glucose levels.

Uniformity of Syllabus: An Evaluation of English Textbooks for Class V of Different Pakistani School Systems

Uniformity of Syllabus: An Evaluation of English Textbooks for Class V of Different Pakistani School Systems Syllabus is the sub- part of the curriculum which is concerned with the specifications of what will be taught and how it will be taught. Language learning makes an essential part of a school's curriculum. Different social and political reasons make English language learning makes an essential part of school curriculum in Pakistan. Pakistani education system is characterized by the multiplicity of school systems. There is much diversity in these schools but one such variation is the fee structure thereby indicating the socio-economic status of the students attending these schools. There exist different syllabi in these schools which lead to a number of problems like language based distinction, discrimination based on the financial status of the students,andcommercializationofeducation.Manysociologistsandeducationistsbelievethat implementation of a uniform syllabus would improve the situation and would finally lead to bridging the gaps between the different classes of the society. The aim of this research is to analyze the possibility of implementation of uniform syllabus for English (Compulsory) Course at primary level. Case study of Malaysia is done to analyze a practical example of the implementation of uniform syllabus in a south- east Asian country which enjoys many similarities with Pakistani societal, cultural, and linguistic make- up. Also, in this research a comparative evaluation of the textbooks prescribed for English (Compulsory). Course for Class V in the different school systems of Pakistan is done. In the light of this evaluation of the textbooks for English (Compulsory) course for Class V, the researcher aims to give some suggestions to improve the present Pakistani educational scenario.