اقبال فارسی پر زیادہ توجہ دیتے تھے۔ اردو کا پہلا مجموعہ کلام بانگ درا ہے جو 1924ء میں سامنے آیا۔ اقبال نے جتنی نظمیں انجمن حمایت اسلام کے جلسوں میں پڑھیں ، لاہور کے مشاعروں میں پڑھیں ان سب کو اکٹھا کیا گیا انہیں بانگ درا میں شامل کیا گیا ہے۔ جو کلام نہیں مل سکا یا جو کلام اقبال سے کاٹ دیا تھا وہ بھی اب متروک کلام اقبال کی شکل میں ہندوستان اور پاکستان میں کسی نہ کسی طرح دستیاب ہے۔ بانگ درا کو تین حصوں میں تقسیم کیا گیا ہے۔ پہلے حصے میں 1901ء سے 1905ء تک کا کلام شامل ہے ۔ دوسرے حصے میں یورپ کے قیام کا کلام 1905ء سے 1908 ء شامل ہے ۔ تیسرا دور 1908ء سے 1924 ء کی شاعری پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کے بھی کئی ایڈیشن سامنے آئے ہیں۔ اقبال کی شاہ کار نظمیں تصویر درد، شکوہ، جواب شکوہ ، والدہ مرحومہ کی یاد میں ،شمع اور شاعر ، خضر راو اور طلوع اسلام اس مجموعہ کلام میں شامل ہیں ۔ بانگ درا کا دیبا چہ شیخ عبد القادر بیرسٹر ایٹ لا سابق مدیر "مخزن" نے لکھا۔
Gog and Magog Interpretations by Modern Scholars and its Application on Contemporary Nations: An Analytical Study According to the Islamic point of view Gog and Magog (Ya’jūj Ma’jūj), are two such supernatural and aggressive powers that will reveal from some unknown place. According to Islamic sources the two disbelieving powers (tribes) are the children of Yāfith son of Noah. Humanity will affect badly at their severely harmful activities on the earth. In the beginning they were free into some unknown place. The famous king Dhulqarnayn imprisoned them behind an unknown thick wall in human history. There are many conjectures regarding the wall, and it is sometimes considered in any Norwegian country because of too long duration of sunrise in these countries. Their population will be 10 times more than the World’s populations. They will be so much trouble creating nation from the race of Noah (A.S) even Isa (Christ) will take refuge on the mountain of Toor and Muslims will pray Allah to get rid of them. Today some modern Islamic researchers have been claiming that they are in fact, Chines or Russians as we find their resemblance in prophet's traditions. In this article, an attempt has been made to unveil the disputed matter that either they exist in current age in form of living peoples or some hidden which will be revealed before the end of time. The purpose of this research is to revisit different speculations about Gog and Magog as we find them also into the Bible. Many Muslims research took effect from Bible’s concept ignoring the traditions of the prophet and find out many different solutions which, according to me are to be seen into the true and clear facts by Quran and Sunnah.
Hepatitis C Virus is one of the lethal infections prevailing throughout the world. There are approximately 8.5 million individuals that are infected with this deadly virus in Pakistan. Hepatitis C virus is responsible for acute and chronic viral infection. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection causes persistent inflammation that leads to liver fibrosis, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is strong evidence that insulin resistance has a major role in metabolic syndrome, and is a risk factor for increased liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. However the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C virus infection is not well known. The present study describes the molecular mechanism of HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) induced insulin resistance. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanism involved in HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) induced insulin resistance. In the present study human hepatoma cell line Huh 7.5 was transfected with HCV NS5A (Huh 7.5/NS5A) as well as HCV (JFH-1) genomic RNA was transfected into Huh 7.5 cell line (Huh 7.5/HCV) to discern the effect of HCV and HCV NS5A protein upon modulation of insulin signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrated that an increased serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (pSer307) and Akt (pSer473) in Huh 7.5/HCV infected cells compared to mock infected cells. Interestingly, the Huh 7.5/NS5A cell line showed an increased serine phosphorylation of pSer307 IRS-1 and pSer473 Akt, compared to the mock transfected cells, which is a critical step defining the downstream insulin signaling pathway. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), the downstream target of Akt, is known to favor gluconeogenesis. Our results revealed a diminished phosphorylation level of GSK-3 in Huh 7.5/NS5A expressing hepatoma cells compared to the mock transfected cells, thereby favoring gluconeogenesis. Forkhead transcription factor (FOX-01) which is another important downstream target of insulin signaling pathway, was shown to undergo reduced phosphorylation level (pSer 256) in Huh 7.5/NS5A expressing hepatoma cells compared to the mock transfected cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which ectopic expression of Huh 7.5/NS5A modulates the insulin signaling pathway at post translational level. There are several gluconeogenic and lipogenic markers lying downstream to the insulin mediated signaling molecules (pSer307IRS-1, pSer473Akt, pSer256Fox-01 and GSK-3). In this study, we observed that Huh 7.5/HCV infected hepatoma cells as well as ectopic expression of Huh 7.5/NS5A leads to enhanced gluconeogenesis through up regulating the mRNA levels of gluconeogenic genes i.e. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) compared to their controls. In the similar way, an elevated mRNA level of Diacyl glycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), a key lipogenic marker, was also observed in Huh 7.5/HCV infected as well as Huh 7.5/NS5A expressing hepatoma cells compared to their controls. Based on these results, we deduce a mechanism through which HCV NS5A is potentially capable of modulating the entire insulin signaling pathway at mRNA and post-translational level thereby paving a way towards insulin resistance, a metabolic syndrome.