نواب بھوپال حاجی حمید اﷲ خاں
افسوس ہے کہ پچھلے دنوں حاجی حمید اﷲ خاں کاجوعام طورپر نواب بھوپال کے نام سے مشہورتھے انتقال ہوگیا۔مرحوم اپنی سمجھ بوجھ ،علمیت ولیاقت اورتدبر و دوراندیشی کی وجہ سے تقسیم ہند سے پہلے کے والیان ریاست میں ایک ممتاز مقام و مرتبہ رکھتے تھے اوراسی وجہ سے حکومت میں ان کا بڑاوقار تھا اورپبلک میں بھی بڑے ہردلعزیز تھے۔مرحوم کی والدہ ماجدہ خودایک مثالی خاتون تھیں۔انھوں نے بیٹے کی تربیت ایسے انداز سے کی تھی کہ وہ دوسرے والیان ریاست کے لیے نمونہ کا کام دے۔چنانچہ عام والیان ریاست کی اولاد کے برخلاف مرحوم نے مدرسۃ العلوم علی گڑھ میں تعلیم پائی اوریہاں جب تک رہے عام طالب علموں کی طرح سب سے گھل مل کررہے۔ایک خاص خاندانی ماحول میں نشوونما پانے کے علاوہ علی گڑھ کی فضا میں ان کی جو ذہنی و دماغی تربیت ہوئی اسی کا اثر یہ تھا کہ وہ قومی اور ملکی معاملات کے علاوہ مسلمانوں کے تعلیمی اوردینی معاملات میں بھی بڑی دلچسپی لیتے تھے اوران کاموں کی عملاً مددکرتے تھے۔چنانچہ دارالعلوم دیوبند،مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ،ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ،جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ دلّی، یہ سب ادارے مرحوم کے فیض کرم وتوجہ کے ممنون تھے۔مسلم یونیورسٹی کے چانسلر اوروالیان ریاست کی انجمن کے صدر بھی رہ چکے تھے۔مرحوم کے ذاتی اوصاف وکمالات اورپھراُن کی خاندانی روایات کی وجہ سے’’بھوپال‘‘ارباب علم وادب،مسلمان علماء وفضلاء، شعراء اوراصحاب فن کی امیدوں اور تمناؤں کاجولانگاہ بن گیاتھا۔ریاست بھوپال توپہلے ہی ختم ہوگئی تھی۔تاہم اُن کی ذات سے بھوپال کی قدیم روایات کی بھولی بسری یاد،ذہن میں کبھی کبھی اجاگر ہوجاتی تھی۔اب یہ سہارا بھی گیا۔سدا رہے نام اﷲ کا! خاتمہ بھی بڑااچھا ہوا۔ نماز پڑھتے پڑھتے جان جانِ آفریں کے سپرد کردی۔ اللھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ رحماً کبیراً۔ [مارچ۱۹۶۰ء]
No doubt, that Allah’s book, the Holy Quran came for gathering the hearts, joining the ranks, strengthening the love and affection, kindness and justice, coordination between family and society, to build the strong coordinated society and orphan especially about the loss of their rights and depriving of their properties or engulf them wrongly. This paper discusses the care of the Quran with the orphans in all the dimensions of their rights and the situation of Qura’nic training/education for them, so that they can become strong parts for the society. Most of the coming verses discusses/narrates about them. Stating the meaning from them for all the justices that the Quran preceded all those demanding the justice for orphans rather it gave them with complete explanations. No explanations disturb anything about it knowledgeable, that the verses of the Quran presented 22 verses in which word of the orphan mentioned with the people 8 times and with the dual once and with the plural 14 times and he who explore these verses finds them divided into three types and the 1st type presents the mentioning of kindness/ charity, and testament/will for them in our Shariah and in the previous Shariahs, and the 2nd type mentions their social rights, so this paper studies all the dimensions of orphans’ life in the light of Qura’nic method with detail, so I liked to divide my this research paper into preface, 3 chapters and ending whereas preface includes the definition of orphan, and 1st chapter states the kindness/charity to the orphan and testament for them in the light of our Shariah and including the definition of orphan, and 2nd chapter presents their social rights as the 3rd takes care of their financial rights. In the ending comes with the important recommendations and suggestions.
Positive public images of a nation play pivotal role in cementing the relations at international arena. Consequently, many states invest their human and financial resources, to project their positive images to defend and serve their interests. As a matter of fact, the US image in the world is positive as well negative. Pakistan remained an important ally of USA during and after cold war however Pakistan-USA relations never progressed in a linear direction. The history of relations between the both nations has been marked by periods of courtship and phases of distrust. The relationship sometimes brought the two states to close friendship and sometimes to hostility. The engagement and disengagement between the two states often coined with the divergence of their national interests. No doubt, it was only the national interest of two states which binds them in either friendly or hostile relationship. The global agenda of USA basically revolved around its own political, economic and strategic interests in international arena; hence it pursued the policies for its own benefit. The regional agenda of Pakistan too revolved around its security and economic development. The global interests of the USA and regional interests of Pakistan were the main cause of engagement and disengagement between the two states. This empirical study is designed to investigate the factors affecting, molding and promoting the positive or negative images of USA in Pakistan. Five urban centers were selected to evaluate the US image including four provincial capitals namely Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta along with the federal capital Islamabad. Survey method was used to evaluate the US image in all the five urban centers. The target population was further stratified on the basis of gender and qualification. The study leads by two general hypotheses: (1) Majority of Urban Pakistan, across the social and financial strata have negative image of USA. (2) The factors responsible for these negative images are based on legal and ethical ideals of sovereignty, freedom, equality, and constitutionalism. The study has to test these hypotheses in five selected areas: violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty, US policies towards Muslim world, US policies in Afghanistan, mounting Indo-US relations, and US aid to Pakistan. Results of the study show that the factor on which the image of USA was extremely negative is violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty. US policies towards Muslim world, the issue of Afghanistan and rising strategic ties with India especially after the end of cold war are not welcomed by the Pakistani masses and viewed the American image as negative but with less intensity as compared to the factor of violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty. Public supported the US aid program to Pakistan and viewed it as supportive for country’s frail and flimsy economy but at the same time also doubtful about on the political objective of US aid. The study also suggested ways to correct the image of USA in Pakistan in its recommendation, and do contain suggestions for future studies on the relevant theme.