مولانا فضل حق رامپوری ؍ مولانا معین الدین اجمیری
افسوس ہے کہ پچھلے دو مہینوں میں ہماری قدیم تعلیم کے خزانہ کے دو انمول موتی کھوگئے، ایک مولانا فضل حق صاحب رامپوری جو مدرسہ عالیہ رامپور میں مدرس اعلیٰ تھے، موصوف نے نصف صدی تک علوم اسلامیہ کی تدریس کا فرض انجام دیا تھا، ۸۱ برس کی عمر میں دار فانی کو الوداع کہا، اور اب ۱۰؍ محرم ۱۳۵۹ھ کی دوپہر کو مولانا معین الدین اجمیری نے جن کو سلسلہ خیرآباد کا خاتم کہنا چاہیے وفات پائی، مرحوم مولانا برکات احمد صاحب ٹونکی کے ارشد تلامذہ میں تھے، اور عمر بھر درس و تدریس میں گذار دی، حضرت خواجہ معین الدین چشتی رحمتہ اﷲ علیہ کے احاطہ مزار میں شاہ جہانی مسجد کے زیر سایہ فضل و کمال کا یہ خزانہ زیر خاک کیا گیا، رحمہما اﷲ تعالیٰ، میر احدی اجمیری نے خوب کہا:
ہے سنہ تیرہ سو انسٹھ (۱۳۵۹) عشرہ ماہ محرم ہے
ہمیں اس ابتدائی ماہ میں بے انتہاغم ہے
امام الوقت مولانامعین الدین کی رحلت ہے
بپا اجمیر میں امسال اُف دوہرا محرم ہے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۴۰ء)
This study estimates the leadership qualities of Benazir Bhutto, first female Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Islamic world. The life history of Benazir Bhutto also falls under the category of charismatic leadership as she displayed exceptional leadership qualities in the face of different personal and political challenges. Much has been written on the life, personality and political career of Benazir Bhutto but very few have made academic and in depth study of leadership qualities of Benazir Bhutto which were predominant and striking features of her political leadership during her second tenure as Prime Minister of Pakistan (1993-96). Therefore, this article navigates on diverse Socio-economic, Political and Geo-strategic challenges and responses of Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister of Pakistan (1993-96). Further, it encapsulates her relationship with military, dwindling state of economy, revengeful role of opposition and various contradictions with President created a grave challenge not only for poor governance but also for the longevity of her premiership tenure. It was not smooth sailing for her as Prime Minister; however, it was a hard journey full of myriad challenges, inherited dwindling economy, overdeveloped state structure, strife torn society, volatile geo-political situation, regional disparities, vindictive politics of opposition and imbalance of power between Prime Minister and President required stupendous efforts from Benazir Bhutto as a Prime Minister. Further, this study presents a systematic and factual analysis of the socio-economic challenges and the arbitrary use of the Presidential power (58) (2B). Furthermore, theory of challenge and response has also been applied to have a better understanding of Benazir Bhutto’s leadership qualities and administrative abilities. It also throws light on the circumstances that led towards her ouster from premiership. Besides, this study attempts to find what were the diverse challenges faced by Benazir Bhutto as a Prime Minister (1993-96)? How did she respond to various challenges as Prime Minister?
The ability to speak good English in Pakistan is considered a pivotal point around which the success of life moves. Teaching and learning English as a foreign language in the main stream schools of this country, however, revolves around reading and writing. In most classrooms listening and speaking skills are ignored. The reason for focusing on reading and writing is that only these two skills are assessed in examination. Recent research indicates the importance of speaking in this learning process. Oral language, both speaking and listening, is a life time activity; it enhances pupils' understanding of language in both oral and written forms and the way language can be used to communicate. This investigation is a case study focusing on the relationship of the classroom environment and students' speaking skill in an elementary classroom. Major finding indicates that a conducive environment created by the teacher helps students to enhance their speaking skills. For elementary students to be fluent in speaking the target language, the teacher needs to give them opportunities to talk about their own experiences. Physical environment is also important in learning a foreign language. A place is needed where students can have an opportunity to share their ideas closely. The class should be well lighted with moveable furniture to facilitate effective group work. This study found that small group' work is an effective strategy in creating a conducive environment for promoting students' speaking skills. Such a supportive non-threatening environment increases students' learning outcomes, which further brings about the desired change in the teacher's perception about the role of speaking in the learning process. The study also found that small group work is appropriate for students' speaking especially for shy and withdrawn students, where all the students can get a chance to talk about various topics. Teachers' role and responsibility in not limited to influencing the academic and intellectual performance of the students. Teachers can meet this responsibility by stimulating students thinking by encouraging discussions, dialogue, and role-play, and also by describing pictures and guiding students in evaluating the worth of ideas.